Thermo-hygrometric indoor conditions, as well known in literature, depend on the indices directly measurable in the place (Tba, Tbu, φa, va) and analytical solutions (Tmr, Top) and also on subjective assessments, metabolic activity carried out, and thermal resistance of clothing. They are tied to the subject occupied position within the work environment, substantially. In air conditioned rooms designed by systems with average parameters, it may happen that an individual, in some places or times, may feel sensations of thermal discomfort.These phenomena can be exacerbated by heat exchanges occurring in the presence of sources of radiation, such as radiant floors or ceilings or large glass surfaces sunny; these surfaces accentuate the radiative heat exchange with the body surfaces of the exposed individual. This paper proposes a "local mean radiant temperature" valid for the regular calculation of comfort in environments characterized by the presence of radiating surfaces. The present study compares the values of the parameters representing the hygrothermal comfort punctual, PMV, in environments characterized by radiating surfaces located in specific positions (ceiling, floor or walls), calculated with the local radiant temperature suggested in this study, with the corresponding values obtained with the mean radiant temperature proposed by the literature.
The process of urbanization in this new millennium is characterized by the fact that more than three quarters of Europe's population is concentrated in urban areas, thus it becomes essential the issue of how to reconcile the development of our cities with the respect and protection of the environment. Polluting vehicle emissions constitute a major contribution to the deterioration of urban air quality and represent a potential risk to public health of citizens. The qualitative improvement of processes of production it is to be considered in the near future, a priority for urban pollution reduction and for improving the quality of life of our cities. This paper shows the air pollution analysis of the urban center of four Sicilian city, and the concentrations of the critical pollutants (PM10, NO2, SO, O3, CO, C6H6, NH3, NMVOC). Linear regressions were performed to represent the relationships between the main pollutants; they were analyzed also the differences between the concentrations of pollutants, and their progress over the years.
There are many parameters belonging to environmental or subjective kind and influencing thermohygrometric well -being conditions in both living and working places : thermo-hygrometric indexes measurable in the environment directly (Tba, Tbu, φa, va) or analytical ones (Tmr, Top) both give only a superficial and partial assessment of the environmental conditions because they do not take into account subjective evaluation parameters. The heat exchange -in case of sources of radiation marked by a surface temperature such different from the mean value of the remaining surfaces (for example a large glass surface in winter and / or summer conditions) -enhances the feeling of radiative heat exchange with the body surfaces of the exposed subject. The ISO7726 standard "Thermal Environments-Instruments and Methods for Measuring Physical Quantities" has been developed to give guidance on the correct methods to be adopted in the measurement of environmental parameters; this paper presents a study on the influence of radiative exchange on the thermo hygrometric comfort in living and working environments. Two cases will be examined: case "A" with the radiant wall only formed by single wall named "1" from the wall, and case "B" with two radiating walls named "1" and "2".
The preservation of religious art work sees the coexistence of opposing needs: first of all the fruition of the works themselves. This is ensured by promoting accessibility to a wider audience and setting up environments improving both the visibility of artifacts and well-being of guests. The second is the obvious need to protect objects exposed to the degradation caused by environmental factors. This can be reachead by creating suitable conditions for their own preservation. The works of art are made up of antique and composite materials ; their proper preservation advices vary from case to case according to the kind of materials they are made of. In many cases the ideal environmental conditions for the objects are not compatible with the most appropriate ones for the audience. Usually the compromise solution is not so simple also because the is often object to physical contact by the faithful , subjected to frequent expositions and microclimate changes related to temperature and humidity excursions and connected to the presence of total suspended particulate (TSP) mainly from intensive uncombusted residue smoking from incense and votive candles.
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