Thermo-hygrometric indoor conditions, as well known in literature, depend on the indices directly measurable in the place (Tba, Tbu, φa, va) and analytical solutions (Tmr, Top) and also on subjective assessments, metabolic activity carried out, and thermal resistance of clothing. They are tied to the subject occupied position within the work environment, substantially. In air conditioned rooms designed by systems with average parameters, it may happen that an individual, in some places or times, may feel sensations of thermal discomfort.These phenomena can be exacerbated by heat exchanges occurring in the presence of sources of radiation, such as radiant floors or ceilings or large glass surfaces sunny; these surfaces accentuate the radiative heat exchange with the body surfaces of the exposed individual. This paper proposes a "local mean radiant temperature" valid for the regular calculation of comfort in environments characterized by the presence of radiating surfaces. The present study compares the values of the parameters representing the hygrothermal comfort punctual, PMV, in environments characterized by radiating surfaces located in specific positions (ceiling, floor or walls), calculated with the local radiant temperature suggested in this study, with the corresponding values obtained with the mean radiant temperature proposed by the literature.
There are many parameters belonging to environmental or subjective kind and influencing thermohygrometric well -being conditions in both living and working places : thermo-hygrometric indexes measurable in the environment directly (Tba, Tbu, φa, va) or analytical ones (Tmr, Top) both give only a superficial and partial assessment of the environmental conditions because they do not take into account subjective evaluation parameters. The heat exchange -in case of sources of radiation marked by a surface temperature such different from the mean value of the remaining surfaces (for example a large glass surface in winter and / or summer conditions) -enhances the feeling of radiative heat exchange with the body surfaces of the exposed subject. The ISO7726 standard "Thermal Environments-Instruments and Methods for Measuring Physical Quantities" has been developed to give guidance on the correct methods to be adopted in the measurement of environmental parameters; this paper presents a study on the influence of radiative exchange on the thermo hygrometric comfort in living and working environments. Two cases will be examined: case "A" with the radiant wall only formed by single wall named "1" from the wall, and case "B" with two radiating walls named "1" and "2".
The preservation of religious art work sees the coexistence of opposing needs: first of all the fruition of the works themselves. This is ensured by promoting accessibility to a wider audience and setting up environments improving both the visibility of artifacts and well-being of guests. The second is the obvious need to protect objects exposed to the degradation caused by environmental factors. This can be reachead by creating suitable conditions for their own preservation. The works of art are made up of antique and composite materials ; their proper preservation advices vary from case to case according to the kind of materials they are made of. In many cases the ideal environmental conditions for the objects are not compatible with the most appropriate ones for the audience. Usually the compromise solution is not so simple also because the is often object to physical contact by the faithful , subjected to frequent expositions and microclimate changes related to temperature and humidity excursions and connected to the presence of total suspended particulate (TSP) mainly from intensive uncombusted residue smoking from incense and votive candles.
Neurological involvement of the central nervous system in brucellosis is uncommon. We describe a rare case of meningoencephalitis due to Brucella melitensis infection, associated with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and leading to diabetes insipidus and hypothyroidism. Neurobrucellosis, although rare, should be considered in cases of neurological disease of unknown etiology. CASE REPORTA 17-year-old male patient presented with headache, backache, fever, and marked asthenia. After 10 days, his headache worsened and vomiting occurred. He was admitted to the Department of Infectious Diseases of the Cutroni Zodda Hospital, Barcellona P.G., Sicily, Italy. Neurological examination upon admission revealed diffuse hyperreflexia, nuchal rigidity, and hyposthenia of both legs. Laboratory examinations revealed leukopenia with lymphocytosis and severe hyponatremia (118 mEq/liter) with reduced serum osmolality (241 mOsm/kg) and elevated urine osmolality (455 mOsm/kg). Renal, thyroid, and adrenal functions were normal. These data were consistent with the diagnosis of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). The patient was treated with intravenous NaCl (3%) and water restriction. His plasma sodium concentration increased to 125 mmol/liter.Analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed pleocytosis (175 white blood cells/mm 3 , predominantly polymorphonuclear leukocytes), low glucose levels (11 mg/dl), and high protein levels (1,020 mg/dl), indicating a disruption of the bloodbrain barrier. Both serum and CSF samples tested negative for Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae antigens. At admission, the standard Brucella tube agglutination test (Wright test) result was also negative (titer Ͻ 1:100). This result was further confirmed by the slide agglutination rose bengal test (4). While waiting for microbiological results, the patient was treated with ceftriaxone (4 g/day), ampicillin/sulbactam (12 g/day), and dexamethasone (16 mg/day).Suspected Brucella colonies were isolated from both blood and CSF 7-day cultures and identified following standard procedures (4). Biochemical and agglutination tests identified the pathogen isolated from both body fluids as Brucella melitensis biovar 3. A diagnosis of meningoencephalitis due to Brucella infection was made, and the therapy was promptly modified as follows: ampicillin-sulbactam was discontinued, and chloramphenicol (4 g/day), rifampin (900 mg/day), and trimethoprim (Trimetoprim)-sulfamethoxazole (1,600/320 mg/day) were started. The serum agglutination test for Brucella bacteria was repeated a week after admission: the patient had seroconverted (anti-Brucella antibody titer, 1:320).To characterize the isolate at the molecular level, rpoB sequencing and typing by the multiple-locus variable-number repeat analysis of 16 loci (MLVA-16) were performed as previously described (22). The former showed the presence of a nucleotide substitution (ATC to ATA) at codon position 1249 (M1249I), identifyi...
The correct storage and protection of works of sacred art, requires the guarantee of the optimal conditions of some parameters affecting the indoor microclimate of the place in which they are located. The temperature and humidity, are two of the most important parameters of the indoor microclimate. To avoid critical issues of the preservation process, these parameters must be kept constant during the day at each point of the place. In the conservation of works of religious art, there are two conflicting requirements: the use of the works themselves, and the need to protect the objects exposed to the deterioration, due at environmental factors. This can be achieved, by creating suitable conditions for their conservation. The arts work, usually are constituted by old materials that require for proper storage conditions depending on the type of material that constitutes them. In many cases, the ideal environmental conditions for the objects are not compatible with those most appropriate for the public. In this complex scenario the ecclesiastical monitoring, and its temperature and humidity control, exists a protocol unique accepted internationally, that establishing reference limits for the various parameters, and the only recommendations are contained in the (Italian Standardization body) UNI 10829/99. The most suitable approach, widely recognized is the "preventive conservation." This can be achieved through a mixture of measures and strategies, adapted to the case, aimed at minimizing the impact of environmental factors on the exhibited artifacts, to slow down the degradation. In this paper we present the results of a study focused on the use of wireless sensors for environmental monitoring. In this scenario with the use of the thermo-hygrometric sensors, you can realize systematic and adequate conditions.
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