A complement fixation (CF) test, 2 indirect haemagglutination (IHA-A; IHA-L) tests which differed in antigen preparation and technique, and a microtitre agglutination (MA) test were compared in the serodiagnosis of melioidosis in goats. One hundred and eighteen experimental serums and 3143 field serums from goats in endemic and non-endemic areas of north Queensland were used in the evaluation. Culture of samples for Pseudomonas pseudomallei from 112 goats provided substantiating evidence of infection. The IHA-A test was the most sensitive, and the CF test the most specific. We advocate the use of the IHA-A as a screening test followed by the CF test for confirmation of active melioidosis. The IHA-A test is the better indicator of past infection.
A complement fixation test modified by the addition of porcine serum and an indirect hemagglutination test were used to detect antibodies to Pseudomonas pseudomallei in pigs. These tests together with cultural examinations were carried out with 250 pigs. The sensitivity and specificity values were 79.3 and 99.5% and 82.8 and 93.2% for the modified complement fixation and hemagglutination tests, respectively. When results from the combination of both tests were considered, the values were 86.2 and 92.8%, respectively.
A capillary agglutination (CA), a complement fixation (CF), a plate agglutination (PT) and an indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test to detect humoral antibodies to Anaplasma marginale are described. Serums from 3, 4 or 5 groups of cattle were used to examine the efficiency of the tests. Agreement between all 4 tests was 86.6%. Agreement between pairs of tests was greater. The CF test was the most sensitive while the PT test was the least sensitive. However the PT could be carried out very rapidly and was suggested as the best screening test, providing improved antigen preparation techniques could increase sensitivity. The CA, CF and IFA tests all showed a stronger homologous antibody reaction when A. marginale antigen was tested against serums obtained from cattle infected with either A. marginale or A. centrale. Antibodies in the A. marginale serums were first detected by day 7 post-inoculation, rose to peak around day 29 and were still present on day 200. Antibodies in the A. centrale serums were first detected by day 29 rose to a peak around day 50 and had disappeared by day 150.
Over a 3 year period specimens were collected from single reacting cattle to the complement fixation test for brucellosis from large herds in north Queensland. Twenty-four such reactors were destroyed for culture, and Brucella abortus was isolated on 3 occasions. The existence of such low levels of Br. abortus in large herds should not be overlooked in the eradication campaign. Explanations were found for 17 of the single reactors, and included introduction of cattle to the herd, exposure to adjoining infected herds or vaccination with Strain 19.
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