This paper aims to clarify the component of impression of townscape while walking and to verify the effect of sky factor and the change on the components above-mentioned. The results are; (1) according to the factor analysis, "Calmness", "Openness", and "Activity" compose the impression of the city, (2) neither the relation between "Calmness" and sky factor nor change of sky factor are significant, (3) sky factor and change of it define "Openness" of the city significantly, (4) "Activity" of the city appears to be influenced by change of sky factor rather than sky factor itself.
This study compared the impression structure of streetscapes gained from field experiments with that from head-mounted display virtual reality experiments. The results were as follows: (1) the field experiment experience had a slight influence on the impressions reported from the head-mounted display experiment; (2) few items exhibited significant differences in impression values for the two experiments; (3) the impression structure comprised three factors—“Openness,” “Balance,” and “Activity”—in both experiments, and (4) no significant difference appeared between the two experiments relative to the subscale scores of these three factors. These results show that head-mounted display experiments can substitute field experiments.
Most of previous surveys of tourist activities using GPS devices have focused on where tourists visit and how long they stay, but not on what they actually do at each location. Thus, we have attempted to investigate the relations between the tourists actual activities and their spatio-temporal data. In this paper, we conducted some experiments at a zoological park to build statistical methods for estimating whether a tourist is viewing an exhibition or not from his/ her GPS logs. The result shows that their walking speed seems critical for the estimation, and, by considering additional parameters, we can estimate precisely whether 20s tourist is viewing or not.
Keywords:global positioning system , activity survey tourists behaviour logistic regression model 1 GIS
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