BACKGROUNDPropolis exhibits therapeutic properties due to the presence of phenolic acids, esters, and flavonoids. The scope of this study was to develop a nano‐vesicular formulation and establish a three‐dimensional (3D) spheroid model in which lung cancer is recapitulated.RESULTSNiosome vesicles doped with galangin‐rich propolis extract were synthesized by the ether injection method using a cholesterol : surfactant mass ratio of 1 : 3 at 40 °C for 1 h. Formulated niosomes were administered to 3D lung cancer spheroid model and the cytotoxicity was compared with that of a two‐dimensional (2D) setting. The galangin content was determined as 86 μg mg–1 propolis extract by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The particle size of loaded niosome was 151 ± 2.84 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of about 0.232, and an encapsulation efficiency of 70% was achieved.CONCLUSIONThe decrease in cell viability and the scattering in the 3D spheroids of A549 lung cancer cells treated with propolis‐loaded niosomes were notable, indicating a profound cytotoxic effect and suggesting that they can be utilized as an effective nano‐vesicle. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major public health concern currently. To date, there are no approved antiviral drugs or vaccines against this transmissible disease. This report sheds light on available information for a better understanding of clinical trials and pharmacotherapy related to COVID-19. MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus databases, Web of Science, WHO, and EU clinical trial sites were used to perform comparative analysis. Information was collected on the use of therapeutic agents for human therapy in patients with COVID-19 up to May 2020. We have extracted data from 60 clinical trials. Amongst these trials, 34 were from the European Union database of clinical trials and 26 from the National Institute of Health. The data selection procedure includes active, completed, and recruitment in progress status. Most of the clinical trials are ongoing and hence, there is a lack of precise results for the treatment.There is a lack of high-quality clinical evidence. The protocol to be developed requires large randomized clinical trials with a combination of available drugs and prospective therapies. We propose the usage of a large number of cases and different statistical analyses to conduct systematic clinical trials. This could provide comprehensive information about the clinical trial and potential therapeutic progress.

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G lukoz hücreler için önemli bir enerji kaynağıdır ve bir ara / metabolik ajan olarak kullanılır. Glukozun seçici olarak tanınması birçok metabolik hastalığın teşhisi için önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, p(GMA) nanopolimerine lektin ligandı (Con A) bağlanarak p(GMA)-ConA sentezlendi ve karakterize edildi. p(GMA)-ConA nanopolimeri ve glikozun en iyi etkileşiminin 10 mM glukoz konsantrasyonu ve pH = 8.0 koşullarında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Seçicilik analizinde p(GMA)-Con A'nın, glukoz için galaktozdan 2 kat seçici olduğu bulunmuştur. Glukozun tanınması için seçici, yüksek yüzey alanına sahip, düşük maliyetli ve yüksek adsorpsiyon kapasitesiyle yüksek oranda biyouyumlu olan lektin afinite esaslı nanopolimer sistem geliştirilmiştir. Anahtar KelimelerNanoteknoloji, glukoz, lektin afinite kromatografisi, concanavalin A.

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