Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-MgCl2 attenuates ischemia-reperfusion (I-R)-induced lung injury in rats. A previous study indirectly suggests that Mg2+-dependent ecto-ATPases on the surface of leukocytes are responsible for the hydrolysis of ATP-MgCl2 to adenosine, which then contributes to the protective effect of ATP-MgCl2. This study investigated the role of leukocytes in I-R injury and the protective effect of ATP-MgCl2 in our buffer-perfused isolated rat lung model. After isolating the lung blood flow of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, the lungs were perfused through the pulmonary artery cannula with a physiologic salt solution containing human serum albumin. The protective effect of ATP-MgCl2 pretreatment with or without leukocytes was investigated. Capillary permeability (Kfc), lung weight gain (LWG), lung wet weight/body weight ratio (LW/BW), lung lavage protein concentration (LPC) and pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) were measured. I-R produced a significant increase in Kfc, LWG, LW/BW, LPC, and PAP. The increases in these indices were significantly attenuated by pretreatment with ATP-MgCl2 (1 × 10–6M) together with leukocytes (2.9 × 106/ml in the perfusate) but not with ATP-MgCl2 alone. Our data suggest that I-R-induced acute lung injury is not dependent on circulating leukocytes. Pretreatment with ATP-MgCl2 plus leukocytes but not ATP-MgCl2 alone had protective effects against I-R lung injury. Whether these findings occur in vivo could not be determined in this study. In our isolated lung red blood cell-free perfusate system, the protective effect of ATP-MgCl2 requires the presence of leukocytes.
A 70-year-old woman with right breast cancer underwent F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for staging. Maximum intensity projection (Picture 1A), selected transaxial CT image (Picture 1B), corresponding PET image (Picture 1C) and the PET/CT image (Picture 1D) demonstrated an extremely "hot" liver with diffusely increased intensity throughout the parenchyma. Low physiologic activities were noticed in the brain, heart, kidneys, bowel, urinary bladder, and soft tissues. These unique metabolic findings represented an imaging pattern of "hot liver sign" which is the earliest indicator of acute liver failure with poor survival due to extensive he-
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