The article presents the results of studying the effect of modified diatomite as part of a complex additive at the ratio of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in cow’s milk. Production and physiological tests were carried out on the basis of a dairy farm LLC “Agrofirma Tetyushskoe” in the Ulyanovsk region on black-and-white cows of 2...3 lactation. For the physiological experiment, animals were selected by the method of analogues by live weight, number and month of lactation, pregnancy, and physiological state. The complex additive included modified diatomite, diacetophenonyl selenide containing organic selenium (DAFS), sunflower oil, and feed yeast. Additive based on 250 g/head/day mixed with feed once a day was administered in the diet of animals of the experimental group, the other group was a control and received no additive. The additive had an effect on the fatty acid composition of milk and contributed to an increase in the fraction of saturated fatty acids with a short chain. In the fat fraction, the amount of saturated short-chain fatty acids increases by 4.0% due to an increase in the content of capric (by 6.7%), lauric (by 12.3%, P<0.05), myristic (by 13.3%, P<0.05), palmitic (by 17.1%, P<0.05), which is a positive factor and indicates an active synthesis of volatile fatty acids, primarily acetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate. At the same time, there was a sharp decline in the content of stearic (27.3%, P<0.05) and arachinic (27.6%, P<0.05) acids. The milk of cows in the experimental group showed a decrease in the level of monounsaturated fatty acids by 7.4%.
The article presents the results of research on the biological properties of the bacteriophage Phagum B. c. 11 UGSHA. Bioinformatic sequence data of Bacillus coagulans phage Phagum B. c. 11 UGSHA: length: 42609 bp, GC content: 37,1 %, molecular weight: 27 014 203,97 Da, the molarity of 1 μg/μl: 0.04 μm, the number of molecules in 1 g: 2.23 x 1010, And 260 of 1 μg/mql after 100-fold dilution: 0,259. Experimentally technological parameters of cultivation system phage/host were selected(0.2 ml of bacteriophage to 0.2 ml of the indicator culture B. coagulans), passage time-6 hours at the cultivation temperature- 35±20С. It is recommended to use Millipore membrane filters of 0.22 μm GV for cleaning Phagum B. c. 11 UGSHA. It was determined that the lytic activity by Appelman was 10-9, by Grazia the indicator was4,0+0,1×1010 ((BFU / ml); Phagum B. c. 11 UGSHA had strict specificity in relation to B. coagulans strains; morphology of plaque-forming units (rounded shape with a transparent center, zones of incomplete lysis, diameter 1-4 mm, secondary growth was not observed). It is empirically established that Phagum B. c. 11 UGSHA did not lose its lytic activity after 3 months when stored at a temperature of 2-40С, and after 12 months the indicator decreased to 108. The studied biological properties of bacteriophage Phagum B. c. 11 UGSHA isolated from fresh tomatoes with signs of spoiling, specific for 46 out of 50 bacterial strains of Bacillus coagulans, allow us to recommend Phagum B. c. 11 UGSHA for the production of phage biopreparations used not only in the laboratory for the indication and identification of Bacillus coagulans bacteria specific to it, but also for decontamination of food raw materials and food products, prevention of food poisoning, since the data of our genetic and proteomic mapping allow us to conclude that the Phagum B. c. 11 UGSHA bacteriophage does not contain pathogenicity locuses and their homologues.
Scientific advances in biological sciences make it possible to significantly increase the energy efficiency of productive livestock. For life, as the highest form of existence of matter, thermal energy is of particular importance. It does not only connect the actions and interactions of all types of matter, it creates order from the chaotic movements of discrete heat sources, determining the measure of irreversible energy dissipation (entropy) and the change gradient of metabolic processes, “outflow and inflow of energy”, the state of saturation and deficiency of nutrients in the body. Metabolic energy is the energy of nutrients entering the tissues and cells of the body from the digestive tract. In the process of intracellular metabolism, substances are converted into new compounds, energy is released and accumulated. Approximately half of the energy is used in the electrochemical reactions of the synthesis of substances inherent in this organism. Heredity, age, environment, condition of animals influence their quantity and quality. The second half of the energy generated in the basic metabolism is “dissipated” and released into the internal and external environment. This part of the energy, in the thermoregulation process, provides isothermal state of the body of animals. Thermal homeostasis, the range of fluctuations in body temperature within the physiological norm is a significant part of the metabolic energy consumption. The article presents results of studying such consumptions when adapting to feeding factors and changes of weather conditions of cattle of different age and productivity.
The article presents results of studies on correction of silage and haylage rations of young fattening cattle and lactating cows by using sorbing, sorption- probiotic and antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements. The application of such feed additives as Koretron and Biokoretron-forte in hay rations of fattening cattle in the amount of 1.1 % of its dry matter stimulates protein-synthesizing liver function, which is shown by concentration increase of total protein in blood serum of young animals in the experimental groups compared to the control (by 3, 97 and 5.01 %) albumin (6.21 and 9.34 %) and alpha globulins (9.26 and 16.74 %), concentration increase of immunoglobulins of A, M, G classes, all these parametres are reflected in an increase of average daily gains by 11.75 and 14.73 %. Adding the antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplement Lipovitam-beta to silage rations of cows at a dose of 4 g every 5 days increases their productivity by 7.41 %, which is also confirmed by an increase of serum protein concentration in their blood (by 2.04 %), besides, there is a significant increase of globulins by 3.52 % in the fractional spectrum, the fraction increase of gamma globulins (by 4.69 %), which carry the main load for formation of antibodies, is especially pronounced. The application of Lipovitam - beta has an immunostimulating effect during the period of late pregnancy of cows (7-8 months of pregnancy), which is confirmed by a significant increase of immunoglobulins of A, M and G classes in blood serum, by 8.38 %; 9.37 % and 13.01 %, respectively. Cow reproduction rates are improved
The research was carried out on the experimental field of Ulyanovsk SAU named after P. A. Stolypin on a typical medium-loamy Chernozem with a humus content of 4.6 %, available phosphorus and potassium of 155 and 176 mg / kg, рНKCl 6,7 units. In the experiments winter wheat of Saratovskaya variety 17 was grown using zeolite from the Yushansky deposit in the Ulyanovsk region as a fertilizer and fertilizers based on it enriched with amino acids and urea. The scheme of experiment consisted of 4 variants: 1. Control (without fertilizers); 2.Pure zeolite 500 kg / ha; 3. Zeolite enriched with amino acids, 500 kg / ha; 4. Zeolite enriched with urea (at the rate of 40 kg a. r. per ha), 500 kg / ha. The accounting plot area is 20 m2, their placement is randomized, repetition is 4 times. The results of research have shown a positive effect of zeolite and fertilizers based on it on the activity of soil microorganisms, the nutritional regime of the soil, yield and product quality. It was found that when applying to the soil, the activity of soil microflora increases by 9-18 %, the content of mineral forms of nitrogen in the arable layer increases by 0.82-2.17 mg/kg, mobile phosphorus by 5-8 mg/kg, and exchange potassium by 5-6 mg/kg of soil. The latter was accompanied by an increase in yield of winter wheat grain: when applying zeolite in pure form by an average of 0.46 t/ha (12.1 %), zeolite enriched with amino acids by 1.17 t/ha (30 %), and zeolite enriched with urea by 1.35 t/ha (35 %).
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