The paper contains the studies of the influence of diatomite (high-silica rock) in its pure form and diatomite-based organic-mineral fertilizer and chicken manure on the barley yield. It was found that these fertilizers contributed to an increase in the barley grain yield by 0.12 and 0.26 t/ha (depending on the dose) when using diatomite and by 0.5 and 0.73 t/ha – organic-mineral fertilizer. The organic-mineral fertilizer based on diatomite and chicken manure was superior in effectiveness to the mineral one (N40P40K40).
В результате опытов установили: использование в системе удобрения зерновых культур сидерата и соломы способствует увеличению возврата элементов питания в почву. При этом в среднем за вегетацию культур в пахотном слое чернозема типичного содержание минерального азота повышалось на 5,9 мг/кг, подвижного фосфора-на 21 мг/кг и обменного калия-на 14,5 мг/кг почвы. Внесение в почву измельченной соломы в качестве органического удобрения значительно снижало дефицит элементов питания. На вариантах с внесением соломы, азотной минеральной компенсационной добавки (N10/т) и биопрепарата Байкал ЭМ-1 баланс их приближался к положительным значениям. Наиболее эффективно применение соломы с одновременным внесением азотной минеральной компенсационной добавки (N10/т) или биопрепарата Байкал ЭМ-1 на фоне расчетных доз минеральных удобрений.
The research was carried out on the experimental field of Ulyanovsk SAU named after P. A. Stolypin on a typical medium-loamy Chernozem with a humus content of 4.6 %, available phosphorus and potassium of 155 and 176 mg / kg, рНKCl 6,7 units. In the experiments winter wheat of Saratovskaya variety 17 was grown using zeolite from the Yushansky deposit in the Ulyanovsk region as a fertilizer and fertilizers based on it enriched with amino acids and urea. The scheme of experiment consisted of 4 variants: 1. Control (without fertilizers); 2.Pure zeolite 500 kg / ha; 3. Zeolite enriched with amino acids, 500 kg / ha; 4. Zeolite enriched with urea (at the rate of 40 kg a. r. per ha), 500 kg / ha. The accounting plot area is 20 m2, their placement is randomized, repetition is 4 times. The results of research have shown a positive effect of zeolite and fertilizers based on it on the activity of soil microorganisms, the nutritional regime of the soil, yield and product quality. It was found that when applying to the soil, the activity of soil microflora increases by 9-18 %, the content of mineral forms of nitrogen in the arable layer increases by 0.82-2.17 mg/kg, mobile phosphorus by 5-8 mg/kg, and exchange potassium by 5-6 mg/kg of soil. The latter was accompanied by an increase in yield of winter wheat grain: when applying zeolite in pure form by an average of 0.46 t/ha (12.1 %), zeolite enriched with amino acids by 1.17 t/ha (30 %), and zeolite enriched with urea by 1.35 t/ha (35 %).
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