This article reviews the contents of volumes 41 to 47 (1962 through 1969) of the Personnel and Guidance Journal, focusing on its composition, its authors, and several aspects of its articles such as methodology, setting, and contents. Relative emphases and trends are also identified and discussed.
Like the alchemists of olden days looking for techniques to change base metals into gold, the psychologists of today are constantly searching for methods that will increase the validity of their predictions. Periodically a new approach is introduced and shows some promise---e.g., pure factor tests, pattern analysis and configural scoring, discriminant analysis--but usually when subjected to crossvalidation and replication these techniques have proven to be no more accurate than the regression model.Recently the problem has been approached from yet another angle, by attempting to predict predictability. Rather than assuming prediction errors are random, this approach postulates that there are systematic differences between predictable and unpredictable individuals. If a third (moderator) variable can be found which correlates with the degree of predictability (deviation, in standard score units, of the predicted criterion scores from the actual criterion score) a subgroup of predictable individuals can be identified. Then applying the predictor(s) only to individuals who are predictable the validity of the selection procedure can be increased. A side benefit is that the amount of testing is reduced (only predictable persons are given the complete battery), but this is accomplished at the expense of a reduction in the size of the pool of potential employees.Frederiksen and Melville (1954) using this basic technique showed that prediction could be improved by sub-grouping. They used "compulsivity", as measured by the Accountant scale on the Strong Vocational Interest Blank, as the predictability measure. A replication by Frederiksen and Gilbert (1960) provided partial confirmation of these results. Saunders (1956) using Frederiksen and Melville's data, plus other data, confirmed the earlier results. In addition, he provided a mathematical rationale for the problem and coined the term "moderator variable" to denote the measure of predictability.Ghiselli, in a series of studies, has shown that selection can be improved by screening on a predictability test, even if the moderator variable has a negligible zero-order validity coefficient (GhiseUi 1956); that a single test could serve both as a predictor and as a predictability measure (Ghiselli 1960a); and that a predictability measure could be developed that will tell which of two predictor tests makes the best prediction for a given individual. (Ghiselli 1960b).In a summary article Ghiselli (1963) concluded that there is substantial evidence of the moderator effect, that there is no general law to identify moderators --they are situation-specific, that the operation of moderators is not the same as 1These studies were conducted while Mr.
1. The application of the geometrical properties of the Brocard and Tucker circles of a triangle to a quadrilateral appears never to have been adequately worked out, as far as the author can discover. Hence, the object of this paper.Some of the problems involved have been published, under the author's name, as independent questions for solution, and where, in the author's opinion, solutions other than his own have seemed more satisfactory for the logical treatment of the subject, these solutions have been employed, with due acknowledgments to their authors.
Condition for Brocard poinU.We shall, first establish the condition necessary for the existence of Brocard points within a quadrilateral.Let ABCD (Fig. 1)
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