Topical pharmacotherapy represents an option for treatment of actinic keratoses and selected basal cell carcinomas. Moreover, preliminary reports indicate imiquimod to be effective for skin or mucosal cancers such as Bowen's disease, erythroplasia of Queyrat and lentigo maligna.
Dermatoscopy (DE) is a noninvasive technique that allows a rapid and magnified in vivo observation of the skin surface with the visualization of morphologic features invisible to the naked eye. It is performed using manual devices without computer assistance, which generally allows ×10 magnifications. Videodermatoscopy (VD) represents the evolution of DE and is performed using a video camera equipped with optic fibers and lenses that currently allow magnifications ranging from ×10 to ×1000. Both DE and VD have been demonstrated to have further applications in dermatology apart from their use in differential diagnosis of pigmented skin lesions. In several disorders, they may be useful in differential diagnosis, prognostic evaluation, and in evaluating the response to treatment. This article focuses on the use of DE and VD in therapeutic follow-up. Although VD systems using high magnifications may not be cost-effective in all cases, VD represents a more reliable noninvasive and easy-to-use tool in therapeutic follow-up both for in-office dermatology as well as for clinical investigations.
Congenital malalignment of the great toenail is an underestimated dystrophic disorder of unknown origin characterized by lateral deviation of the nail plates, which are not parallel to the major axis of the distal phalanx. It usually presents in infancy or childhood, while late onset is uncommon. Treatment depends on the degree of deviation. If minimal, a conservative and expectant attitude, based on prevention and treatment of possible complications, is recommended because of the possibility of spontaneous regression of the nail deviation. Surgical therapy may be considered in patients with severe or complicated forms.
Abstract.We have recently shown that covalent attachment of the nitric oxide (NO) moiety to the HIV protease inhibitor Saquinavir (Saq) produced a qualitatively new chemical entity, named Saquinavir-NO (Saq-NO), with enhanced anticancer properties and reduced toxicity both in vitro and in vivo. The aim of this study was to address several unanswered questions both on the pharmacological profile of Saq-NO as well as on the in vivo role of NO in the oncogenesis of A375 human melanoma cells. To this end, we have evaluated here the impact of single and combined effects of Saq-NO, Saq, the NO-donor DETA NONOate and the iNOS inhibitor L-NAME on the in vitro as well as in vivo growth of the iNOS positive A375 cells. Our data confirm clear-cut evidence for a strong and powerful anti-melanoma action of Saq-NO that is not duplicable by the combined use of Saq and DETA NONOate. Surprisingly, but also in agreement with the complex and multifaceted role of endogenous NO in A375 cells, both DETA NONOate and L-NAME significantly suppressed the in vivo growth of xenotransplants.
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