Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) contains phenolic lipids with aliphatic chains that are of commercial interest. In this work, a chromatographic method was developed to monitor and quantify anacardic acids (AnAc) in CNSL. Samples containing AnAc were analyzed on a high-performance liquid chromatograph coupled to a diode array detector, equipped with a reversed phase C18 (150 × 4.6 mm × 5 μm) column using acetonitrile and water as the mobile phase both acidified with acetic acid to pH 3.0 in an isocratic mode (80:20:1). The chromatographic method showed adequate selectivity, as it could clearly separate the different AnAc. To validate this method, AnAc triene was used as an external standard at seven different concentrations varying from 50 to 1,000 μg mL-1. The Student's t-test and F-test were applied to ensure high confidence for the obtained data from the analytical calibration curve. The results were satisfactory with respect to intra-day (relative standard deviation (RSD) = 0.60%) and inter-day (RSD = 0.67%) precision, linearity (y = 2,670.8x - 26,949, r2 > 0.9998), system suitability for retention time (RSD = 1.02%), area under the curve (RSD = 0.24%), selectivity and limits of detection (19.8 μg mg-1) and quantification (60.2 μg mg-1). The developed chromatographic method was applied for the analysis of different CNSL samples, and it was deemed suitable for the quantification of AnAc.

No abstract

Pulsed light, as a postharvest technology, is an alternative to traditional fungicides, and can be used on a wide variety of fruit and vegetables for sanitization or pathogen control. In addition to these applications, other effects also are detected in vegetal cells, including changes in metabolism and secondary metabolite production, which directly affect disease control response mechanisms. This study aimed to evaluate pulsed ultraviolet light in controlling postharvest rot, caused by Fusarium pallidoroseum in 'Spanish' melon, in natura, and its implications in disease control as a function of metabolomic variation to fungicidal or fungistatic effects. The dose of pulsed light (PL) that inhibited F. pallidoroseum growth in melons (Cucumis melo var. Spanish) was 9 KJ m-2. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to a quadrupole-time-of-flight (QTOF) mass analyzer identified 12 compounds based on tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) fragmentation patterns. Chemometric analysis by Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Orthogonal Partial Least Squared Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) and corresponding S-Plot were used to evaluate the changes in fruit metabolism. PL technology provided protection against postharvest disease in melons, directly inhibiting the growth of F. pallidoroseum through the upregulation of specific fruit biomarkers such as pipecolic acid (11), saponarin (7), and orientin (3), which acted as major markers for the defense system against pathogens. PL can thus be proposed as a postharvest technology to prevent chemical fungicides and may be applied to reduce the decay of melon quality during its export and storage.

No abstract

The anacardic acids are alkyl phenols, with biological activities, obtained as a byproduct from cashew nut processing. The anacardic acids isolation by preparative reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography was developed injecting large pulse from 50 to 200 mg of cashew nut shell liquid through a C 18 column eluted with methanol, water and acetic acid (80:20:1). The separations were carried out at 25 • C and monitored at 280 nm. Yield, recovery, purity, solvent consumption and productivity were analyzed. The results of anacardic acids isolation pointed the concentration loading of 100 mg as a process threshold leading to a productivity of 0.681 Kg.day −1 .Kg −1 of anacardic acids with purity of 96.41, 95.32 and 90.77% for anacardic acid triene, diene and monoene, respectively. K E Y W O R D Salkyl phenols, Anacardium occidentale, concentration overloading, ginkgolic acid, preparative chromatography, purification 192

AbstractPulsed light, as a postharvest technology, is an alternative to traditional fungicides, and can be used on a wide variety of fruit and vegetables for sanitization or pathogen control. In addition to these applications, other effects also are detected in vegetal cells, including changes in metabolism and production of secondary metabolites, which directly affect disease control response mechanisms. This study aimed to evaluate the possible applications of pulsed ultraviolet light in controlling postharvest rot, mainly caused by Fusarium pallidoroseum in yellow melon ‘Goldex’, in natura, and its implications in the disease control as a function of metabolomic expression to effect fungicidal or fungistatic. The dose of pulsed light (PL) that inhibited F. pallidoroseum growth in melons (Cucumis melo var. Spanish) was 9 KJ m-2. Ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to a quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) mass analyzer identified 12 compounds based on the MS/MS fragmentation patterns. Chemometric analysis by Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Orthogonal Partial Least Squared Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA and S-plot) were used to evaluate the changes in fruit metabolism. PL technology provided protection against postharvest disease in melons, directly inhibiting the growth of F. pallidoroseum through upregulation of specific fruit biomarkers such as pipecolic acid (11), saponarin (7), and orientin (3), which acted as major markers for the defense system against pathogens. PL can thus be proposed as a postharvest technology to avoid chemical fungicides and may be applied to reduce the decay of melon quality during its export and storage.

No abstract

RESUMO -A curta vida útil após a colheita é um dos principais problemas para a exportação da melancia (Citrullus lanatus). Embora a melancia seja não climatérica, estudos têm mostrado que o etileno induz o amolecimento e a perda de qualidade. O uso do 1-Metilciclopropeno (1-MCP), por ser um forte inibidor da ação do etileno, possivelmente irá retardar esses processos de senescência, resultando na conservação da qualidade por maior tempo após a colheita. O objetivo foi avaliar a conservação póscolheita de melancias tratadas com 1-MCP. As melancias foram submetidas ao 1-MCP em concentrações de 0, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000 ηL L -1 (ppb), e armazenadas em temperatura ambiente por 15 dias, as amostras foram coletadas a cada 3 dias e submetidas às análises de sólidos solúveis (°Brix), açúcar total, açúcar redutor e carotenóides totais. O 1-MCP (1000 ppb) foi eficiente em conservar a qualidade da melancia. Dosagens abaixo de 600ppb não surtiram efeito devido, possivelmente, à dificuldade de absorção através da casca muito espessa.