Resumen El proceso de urbanización avanza de manera veloz y afecta a múltiples partes del planeta. Así, algunas ciudades de tamaño medio comienzan a evidenciar un proceso de metropolización en sus espacios y en el caso de Chile sus urbes no han estado ajenas a tal proceso. Bajo tal contexto, este artículo buscó comprender las dinámicas de crecimiento en población, variación de superficie construida, verticalización y variaciones del empleo en diferentes áreas económicas de la ciudad de Valdivia, Chile. Se observa un aletargamiento en las tasas de crecimiento de tal ciudad, tanto en su contexto regional como nacional, lo cual se valora de manera positiva al no polarizar su espacio regional. No obstante, existe un incipiente proceso de expansión urbana y crecimiento inmobiliario en altura, vinculado a una tercerización de sus actividades productivas, lo cual es un llamado de atención para los planificadores y el futuro de la sustentabilidad de la urbe, considerando los desafíos que presenta la ciudad en términos de la generación de instrumentos actualizados de planificación territorial, los cuales no están presentes hasta la fecha.
El proceso de migraciones internas en la región del Biobío expresa un proceso de redistribución espacial que tiende a la polarización del espacio hacia la capital regional –Concepción metropolitano– y a las comunas contiguas a ésta. De igual manera, se observa una fuerte atracción migratoria de las capitales provinciales pero circunscrita a su hinterland. Además, se determina que el perfil del migrante desde estas ciudades hacia la capital regional se caracterizaría por una alta educación, a diferencia de los migrantes de las comunas aledañas a las capitales provinciales, que se compondrían más bien por población joven con bajos grados de escolaridad.
El estudio de las ciudades intermedias ha tomado relevancia, producto de las dinámicas que presentan estas urbes y las problemáticas que podrían experimentar similares a grandes áreas urbanas. Así, resulta relevante para la planificación urbana y la sustentabilidad en tales espacios, comprender los procesos que las aquejan. Bajo tal contexto, este artículo simula dos escenarios de crecimiento para la ciudad intermedia de San Fernando (Chile) para los años 2025, 2030, 2040 y 2050, por lo cual se determinaron patrones espaciales de crecimiento del Área Urbana Consolidada (AUC) y de aquellas zonas rurales que en la actualidad no están urbanizadas y que para los escenarios propuestos serán áreas altamente urbanizadas. Se concluye que existirían importantes cambios en la superficie construida, que tiendan hacia la configuración de un espacio policéntrico en el territorio en que se localiza tal ciudad y, por tanto, surge la necesidad de generar instrumentos de planificación que puedan gestionar y planificar tales cambios
Urbanization is spreading across the world and beyond metropolitan areas. Medium-sized cities have also undergone processes of accelerated urban expansion, especially in Latin America, thanks to scant regulation or a complete lack thereof. Thus, understanding urban growth in the past and simulating it in the future has become a tool to raise its visibility and challenge territorial planners. In this work, we use Markov chains, cellular automata, multi-criteria multi-objective evaluation, and the determination of land use/land cover (LULC) to model the urban growth of the city of Temuco, Chile, a paradigmatic case because it has experienced powerful growth, where real estate development pressures coexist with a high natural value and the presence of indigenous communities. The urban scenario is determined for the years 2033 and 2049 based on the spatial patterns between 1985 and 2017, where the model shows the trend of expansion toward the northeast and significant development in the western sector of the city, making them two potential centers of expansion and conflict in the future given the heavy pressure on lands that are indigenous property and have a high natural value, aspects that need to be incorporated into future territorial planning instruments.
Urbanization advances vertiginously and its impacts are visible beyond metropolitan spaces. In this context, urban sprawl simulation methodologies become relevant to understand and add to future urban growth scenarios. In this work, the case of the city of Temuco in the La Araucanía Region is analyzed, using the following tools: Markov chains; Cellular Automaton; Multicriteria-Multi-objective Assessment; and the determination of land usage/cover using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Based on the above, the urban scenario was determined for 2049 from the spatial patterns of the area under study, since 1985. The model shows a trend to a peripheral and diffuse sprawl towards the north of the city and a strong development towards the western sector in the Labranza neighborhood. That is to say, the first sector is projected as a possible node of expansion, and the second, as one of consolidation. It is concluded that both zones require pertinent updated urban planning instruments, which the city has not had until now.
The goal of this study was to analyze the changes that have taken place in the economic sectors in the system of cities between 1982, 1992, 2002, and 2017, alongside understanding the evolution and functional trajectory of employment in the Ñuble Region. The research approach is quantitative and applies a correlational design. The database was extracted from the 1982, 1992, 2002, and 2017 censuses of the National Institute of Statistics (INE, in Spanish) using the REDATAM program. Then, a principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using R software, shown through tables, graphs, and cartographies. The results indicate a trend that diversifies the region’s economic branches, evolving from agriculture toward commerce, services, education, and construction. The specialization indexes show a trajectory towards the homogenization of tertiary sectors and that, in a small number of communes, the primary sector represents a relevant part of local activity. In addition, from the decrease in agricultural and industrial employment, it can be concluded that the different communes of the region have a primary and tertiary vocation, recognizing a co-evolution between the different economic branches.
The automobile has played a fundamental role in the development of cities in the daily movement of people. This paper analyzes the explosive increase in the number of motorized vehicles in the municipalities of Chile. Additionally, due to its national relevance, a disaggregated analysis of the Metropolitan Area of Santiago is presented. Through statistical data of the last 20 years, the analysis evidenced an explosive but differentiated increase of the automotive fleet. Results show the poorest municipalities with a lower dynamism, while those of the more affluent sectors experience exuberant increases. Particularly in the Metropolitan Area of Santiago, the results follow the same pattern, dynamics that jeopardize the planning and sustainability of national urban areas. A reflection is made focusing on the type of city that is being planned and built throughout the country and the urgency of a strategic public policy in urban public transport.
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