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The present study aims to interpret the occupation of terra firme (nonflooded uplands) archeological sites located at Tapirapé-Aquiri National Forest in the Brazilian state of Pará, through an integrated analysis of pedological, archeological, and geochemical data. We focus on seven archaeological sites, selected among 22 identified in the region. Radiocarbon and thermoluminescence dating indicate distinct periods of occupation over the past ß6000 years, and the pedo-geochemical data identify intra-and inter-site differences in soil. Archaeological, chronometric, and pedo-geochemical data provide a basis for the functional classification of archeological sites found in the region and help to identify specific human activity areas. The results lead us to infer that many of the archeological sites were the result of multiple occupations that left a persistent pedological signature on the landscape. C 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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RESUMONa Amazônia há uma ampla extensão de solos que resultam de ocupações indígenas pré-coloniais. Esses solos, muito férteis e estáveis, são denominados Terra Preta de Índio (TPI), e são correlacionados à deposição de matéria orgânica, maior espessura do refugo ocupacional e maior densidade de cerâmica, indicando áreas de atividades constituídas ao longo do tempo por diferentes processos de ocupação humana no passado. Na Amazônia Oriental, região de interflúvio Xingu-Tocantins, alguns estudos vem demonstrando que a formação da TPI nos sítios arqueológicos está intimamente relacionada ao estabelecimento das populações falantes de línguas Tupi-Guarani, aspecto esse evidenciado no sítio Onça Puma 3 a partir da correlação entre os depósitos de TPI e o estilo tecnológico das cerâmicas identificadas nesses sítios. Palavras-chave: Amazônia Oriental, Terra Preta de índio, sítio Onça Puma 3 ABSTRACT In the Amazon there is a large expanse of soils that have been modified as a consequence of pre-Colonial native occupations. These very stable and fertile soils are referred to as Terra Preta de Índio (TPI) or Amazonian Dark Earth (ADE) and are related to the deposition of organic matter, and more occupational refuse, including a higher density of ceramic artifacts, indicating long-term activity areas formed by different processes of past human settlement. In eastern Amazonia, at the elevated region between the Xingu and Tocantins Rivers, the formation of terra preta in archaeological sites is closely related to the settlement of populations associated with the Tupi-Guarani linguistic group. Evidence of this correlation is seen in the terra preta deposits and ceramic technology and style at the Onça Puma 3 site.