Efeito de manejos do solo no déficit hídrico, trocas gasosas e rendimento do feijão-de-corda no semiárido 1Effect of soil management on water deficit, gas exchange and cowpea yield in the semi-arid region T-P, solo mobilizado somente pela enxada; T-ESC, solo escarificado a 0,30 m; T-CS, solo com subsolagem e captação in situ; o T-CCM, subsolagem, captação in situ e cobertura morta e o T-CCO, com subsolagem, captação in situ, cobertura morta e compostagem. Os resultados mostraram que a interação das práticas da cobertura morta, compostagem, subsolagem e a técnica de captação in situ, dotaram o T-CCO de maior capacidade de captar e armazenar água no solo, com um consequente aumento da disponibilidade hídrica para as culturas. Tal fato aumentou o rendimento da T-CCO em relação aos demais tratamentos na ordem (1º ao 4º) de 41%, 28%, 47% e 12%. Para um déficit hídrico gerado por 10 dias consecutivos sem chuvas, o T-CCO apresentou os melhores resultados na manutenção do estado fisiológico das plantas. No entanto, quando o solo se encontra próximo à capacidade de campo, as práticas de manejo do solo não mostraram diferenças significativas na condutância estomática, fotossíntese, transpiração e na temperatura foliar. Tal fato expressa a importância do manejo do solo em condições limitantes de umidade. Palavras-chave:Vigna unguiculata. Solos-manejo. Plantio de sequeiro. Estresse hídrico.ABSTRACT -Rainfall variability in semi-arid areas often results in water shortages during the cycle of the cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), affecting yield. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different management practices on soil water deficit, leaf gas exchange and the yield of the cowpea under rainfed conditions in a semi-arid region. The experimental design was completely randomised into split lots of five management systems (treatments) and two layers of soil (0.15 and 0.30 m), with four replications. The management systems investigated were: T-P, soil turned by hoe only; T-ESC, ploughing to 0.30 m only; T-CS, soil with subsoiling and in situ catchment; T-CCM, subsoiling, in situ catchment and mulch, and T-CCO, subsoiling, in situ catchment, mulch and compost. The results showed that the interaction of the practices of mulching, composting, subsoiling and in situ catchment, resulted in the T-CCO having a greater capacity to capture and store water in the soil, with a consequent increase in water availability for the crops. This fact increased the yield of T-CCO in relation to the other treatments by (1st to 4th) 41%, 28%, 47% and 12%. For a water deficit generated after ten consecutive days without rain, the T-CCO displayed the best results in maintaining the physiological state of the plants. However, when the soil was close to field capacity, there were no significant differences for soil management practice in stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, transpiration or leaf temperature. This fact demonstrates the importance of soil management under limiting conditions of moisture.
Os atributos investigados uniram os poços em três grupos estatisticamente distintos ao nível de significância de 5%. Os íons Cloreto, Magnésio, Potássio, Sódio e a Dureza Total foram determinantes na definição dos grupos. Para um nível de significância de 1% os grupos similares são definidos somente pelo Cloreto e o Potássio. Os resultados mostraram um bom potencial desta ferramenta no monitoramento e suporte a gestão da qualidade das águas em bacias hidrográficas no semiárido, pelo seu potencial em agrupar as amostras similares.Palavras-chave -Constituintes iônicos. Gestão. Qualidade de água. Semiárido.Abstract -Among the challenges of water quality management can be cited the high cost of monitoring and the high spacial and temporal variability. Considering these points, a study of ground water quality similarity was developed with the aim to give a support in the management and monitoring water quality programs in the Banabuiu watershed, Ceará, Brazil. To do this, multivariate statistics was applied to a set of wells (66) registered at Serviço Geológico do Brasil (CPRM). We analyzed the following attributes: Calcium (Ca), Sodium (Na + ) and Total Hardness. The investigated variables put together the wells in three similar groups at a 5% level of significance. Groups were defined by the following ions: Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium, Sodium and Total Hardness. The results demonstrate that this tool showed a strong potential for monitoring and supporting the management of water quality in watersheds in the semiarid region due to its potential to group similar samples.
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