This research aims to present the current scenario of Civil Construction in some Brazilian states, showing the places that established the sector's halt and those that continued to operate normally, being made a comparison taking into account the demographic density of the states and the higher and lower number of deaths to date and also demonstrating the measures adopted on construction sites to prevent the spread of the disease. The research method was based on data collected at the State Health Secretariats and Construction Industry Unions (Sinduscon) of the states, from newspapers and magazines in 8 Brazilian states, 4 of which have the lowest number of deaths and 4 have the highest number of registered deaths. It was generating a value, called index "I" (Deaths / Demographic Density), this way it was possible to understand the impact that the Civil Construction industry can bring to the propagation of COVID-19, since the Civil Construction sector moves the other sectors, such as construction material stores, distributors, restaurants, public transportation, among others. It was verified which States the Civil Construction sector is complying with the paralysis of the sector and compare data from the States with the highest rates of this disease, verifying if there is any correlation for the increase of confirmed cases. The states with the highest number of deaths were SP > RJ > CE > PE, but their indexes were different, relating them to the control or lack of control of virus prevention in civil construction and other sectors, where if compared with index "I" the sequence is SP > CE > PE > RJ, being I = 13.57 for São Paulo and the states with the lowest number of deaths were TO < MS < MT < AC and their comparisons by index "I" continue in the same sequence, with Tocantins with the lowest index among all states, I = 0.53. Some essential measures were adopted to avoid the spread of coronavirus, such as the use of thermometers at the entrance to the work, marking on the floor to keep people away, distance between the tables and removal of intermediate seats, sanitization of work sites, distribution of information posters throughout the work site, shift redefinition, among other measures are very important for the welfare and health of workers.
Garnet-type structured electrolytes are considered a key technology for the next generation of lithium-ion batteries such as all-solid-state batteries. Cubic Garnet-type solid oxides with composition Li5+xLa3(Nb2−xZrx)O12 (x between 0 and 1.5) were synthesized by solid-state reaction and sintered by spark plasma sintering. Powder characterization indicates the formation of solid solution with high chemical homogeneity and spherical particles. High relative densities (>96%) were obtained by spark plasma sintering at 950 °C for 10 min and pressure application of 50 MPa. Although the formation of secondary phase La2Zr2O7 was identified by the X-ray diffraction patterns of Zr-doped pellets, it has been eliminated for x = 0.75 and 1 by conventional heat treatment at 850 °C for 1 h. High ionic conductivity values were attained for x ≥ 0.75, reaching a maximum value in the order of 10−4 S.cm−1 at 25 °C with activation energy of 0.38 eV. The results indicated that Zr4+ promoted significant increasing of the lithium-ion conductivity by lowering the activation energy.
A termodinâmica está ligada à ciência dos materiais; o que significa a obtenção de novos materiais que tenham propriedades químicas e físicas bem definidas. A termodinâmica, podemos dizer, é uma das bases da engenharia de materiais, pois os processos de fabricação de novos materiais envolvem a transferência de calor e o trabalho para as matérias-primas. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar as aplicações da termodinâmica no estudo de propriedades químicas e físicas bem definidas de materiais de argila para a obtenção de novos tipos de materiais por meio de revisão bibliográfica.
The activities of the ornamental rock sector generate huge amounts of solid waste, which can cause negative consequences to the environment. Given the need for environmental preservation and a greater concern with the concepts of sustainability, we have been seeking to use natural resources intelligently, thus aiming at a better future of the planet, the ecological brick presents itself as a possible alternative to reuse these granite residues presenting an alternative destination for ornamental rock tailings. This work seeks through a brief bibliographic survey to evaluate the potential of the insertion of waste from granite in the production of ecological bricks.
The residues generated by the ceramic factories, among the most varied types, represent a large part of the waste produced and the one that comes from the production of red ceramics such as tiles and bricks, reflects in great part of all the constituents of these residues. The use of tailings is becoming an increasingly common practice, often because it does not have a correct final destination and in some places, there is a shortage of natural materials. The present work aims to study the addition of residues of ceramic tiles dust in the characteristics and properties of ecological brick. A literature review on the topic was carried out, in addition to granulometric characterizations, absorption tests, thermal comfort and simple compression. After carrying out the tests, the possibility of using it as a component of the ecological brick and using it in the region of Teresina-PI was studied. The samples produced with tile powder residue showed excellent results, therefore, through this study it was possible to prove that the reuse of these residues is valid for use in civil construction.
Analise da influência do massará no processo de fabricação do concreto na região de Teresina-PI Analysis of the influence of the massará on the concrete manufacturing process in the region of Teresina-PI
The main raw material for the production of ceramic materials is clay, it can be found in large quantities throughout Brazil, in addition to having a simple processing method in the preparation of the mass of ceramic tiles using mixtures of kaolinitic clays (not very plastic) and illitic (plastic) clays, this mixture favors by developing a series of functions such as: light-burning color; act as binders and plasticizers; facilitate fluidity, due to its melting properties, provide a good burning density and excellent mechanical resistance. This work addresses the main basic white-burning raw materials used in the production of ceramic tiles: quartz, kaolin, talc and limestone and their influence on the ceramic mass. All raw materials mentioned are available in the State of Piauí. For this, a bibliographic review of a descriptive, basic and qualitative nature was carried out on the theme and with the results, it was possible to identify the existence of white-burning raw materials in the State of Piauí that can be used in the production of ceramic coating.
New elements are needed to contribute to the idea of not reusing the materials, but rather improving their use, the massará for example is known in the region of Teresina-PI is a connecting material, of little consistency, easily disaggregatable (friable), containing white silica pebbles and of little utilização in the region. The interlocked concrete floor presents peculiar characteristics among which are those that configure it as a floor. The work analyzes through a mechanical strength and water absorption test the capacity that the interlocked concrete floor with the addition of massará in its composition offers in relation to bear load. Two traces with massará will be tried and then specimens will be molded to obtain the results of mechanical tests and characterization of the material in the laboratory. After the tests, it was observed the possibility of using it as components in the production of interlocked laying blocks used in construction companies of Teresina - PI.
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