This research aims to present the current scenario of Civil Construction in some Brazilian states, showing the places that established the sector's halt and those that continued to operate normally, being made a comparison taking into account the demographic density of the states and the higher and lower number of deaths to date and also demonstrating the measures adopted on construction sites to prevent the spread of the disease. The research method was based on data collected at the State Health Secretariats and Construction Industry Unions (Sinduscon) of the states, from newspapers and magazines in 8 Brazilian states, 4 of which have the lowest number of deaths and 4 have the highest number of registered deaths. It was generating a value, called index "I" (Deaths / Demographic Density), this way it was possible to understand the impact that the Civil Construction industry can bring to the propagation of COVID-19, since the Civil Construction sector moves the other sectors, such as construction material stores, distributors, restaurants, public transportation, among others. It was verified which States the Civil Construction sector is complying with the paralysis of the sector and compare data from the States with the highest rates of this disease, verifying if there is any correlation for the increase of confirmed cases. The states with the highest number of deaths were SP > RJ > CE > PE, but their indexes were different, relating them to the control or lack of control of virus prevention in civil construction and other sectors, where if compared with index "I" the sequence is SP > CE > PE > RJ, being I = 13.57 for São Paulo and the states with the lowest number of deaths were TO < MS < MT < AC and their comparisons by index "I" continue in the same sequence, with Tocantins with the lowest index among all states, I = 0.53. Some essential measures were adopted to avoid the spread of coronavirus, such as the use of thermometers at the entrance to the work, marking on the floor to keep people away, distance between the tables and removal of intermediate seats, sanitization of work sites, distribution of information posters throughout the work site, shift redefinition, among other measures are very important for the welfare and health of workers.
Garnet-type structured electrolytes are considered a key technology for the next generation of lithium-ion batteries such as all-solid-state batteries. Cubic Garnet-type solid oxides with composition Li5+xLa3(Nb2−xZrx)O12 (x between 0 and 1.5) were synthesized by solid-state reaction and sintered by spark plasma sintering. Powder characterization indicates the formation of solid solution with high chemical homogeneity and spherical particles. High relative densities (>96%) were obtained by spark plasma sintering at 950 °C for 10 min and pressure application of 50 MPa. Although the formation of secondary phase La2Zr2O7 was identified by the X-ray diffraction patterns of Zr-doped pellets, it has been eliminated for x = 0.75 and 1 by conventional heat treatment at 850 °C for 1 h. High ionic conductivity values were attained for x ≥ 0.75, reaching a maximum value in the order of 10−4 S.cm−1 at 25 °C with activation energy of 0.38 eV. The results indicated that Zr4+ promoted significant increasing of the lithium-ion conductivity by lowering the activation energy.
A termodinâmica está ligada à ciência dos materiais; o que significa a obtenção de novos materiais que tenham propriedades químicas e físicas bem definidas. A termodinâmica, podemos dizer, é uma das bases da engenharia de materiais, pois os processos de fabricação de novos materiais envolvem a transferência de calor e o trabalho para as matérias-primas. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar as aplicações da termodinâmica no estudo de propriedades químicas e físicas bem definidas de materiais de argila para a obtenção de novos tipos de materiais por meio de revisão bibliográfica.
The activities of the ornamental rock sector generate huge amounts of solid waste, which can cause negative consequences to the environment. Given the need for environmental preservation and a greater concern with the concepts of sustainability, we have been seeking to use natural resources intelligently, thus aiming at a better future of the planet, the ecological brick presents itself as a possible alternative to reuse these granite residues presenting an alternative destination for ornamental rock tailings. This work seeks through a brief bibliographic survey to evaluate the potential of the insertion of waste from granite in the production of ecological bricks.
The advent of the COVID-19 pandemic brought changes to world education thanks to the adoption of measures of social isolation; the use of digital resources proved to be the most viable immediate solution for the continuity of teaching, but there are also problems such as the need for different didactic-pedagogical strategies wieldy of motivating students and teachers. The use of webinars as a complementary communication and guidance resource has proved to be a promising tool. Issues related to living with COVID-19 that combine their discussions with high school curriculum represent an important contribution to the construction of a contextualized knowledge base and, based on this observation, this study proposed to evaluate the presence of contents in the area of natural sciences and its technologies in COVID-19 webinars. A survey with the online video-sharing platform was carried out aiming to search for webinars on COVID-19 containing themes contained in the specific competences of natural sciences and their technologies for high school and how much these items were emphasized. The selection of the videos was made by analyzing what the title, keywords and their summary suggest. Biology, physics and chemistry have a great prominence and expert speakers with extensive experience in the area in which they work and great ability to expose the theme and the ability to clarify doubts have made webinars a valuable motivational approach to specific knowledge related to common national curriculum base - BNCC, as they involve community participation, in different contexts and using different digital technologies in conjunction with the contextual theme COVID-19.
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