Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin and an antioxidant that prevents the peroxidation of lipid in vitro. The antioxidant role of vitamin E in preventing adverse cardiovascular outcomes is controversial as some studies support it, while others reject it. Therefore, this review aims to determine whether there is an association between vitamin E and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). An electronic search was done to find out relevant articles. Papers were shortlisted after the initial title and abstract screen. A full-text study was done, and inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied before the quality assessment of each paper was done. Only high-quality papers were selected for analysis. Full-text articles of the last ten years were included, while non-English articles, gray literature, and animal studies were excluded. The majority of the papers, including 75% of the total population in this review, suggested no role of vitamin E in preventing CVD and CVD mortality. Some studies also suggested that a high level of vitamin E can be associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Thus, one should be prudent about taking vitamin E supplementation for cardiovascular risk prevention.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a thrombo-hemorrhagic condition that commonly accompanies life-threatening illnesses in children and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Treatment of underlying conditions, hemodynamic support, and replacement therapy with blood components is the mainstay of DIC management. Limited research studies have supported the use of antithrombin (AT), recombinant thrombomodulin (rTM), and protein C concentrates (PrCC). Although there have been several studies and advancements in the DIC treatment in adults, data in pediatric patients are limited, and the consensus is lacking. Evidence validating the use of diagnostic scoring systems in the pediatric population is also limited. Since the hemostatic system differs significantly in children, especially in neonates, management of DIC is also different in children from that of adults, and there is a dire need for good quality research studies in this aspect.We reviewed more than 100 articles in PubMed, Cochrane database, and Google Scholar. This traditional review article discusses different scoring systems for diagnosing DIC in pediatric patients, and different pharmacological treatment options for acute DIC in this population. This study mainly focuses on papers published from 1990 to 2021 and includes papers in all languages involving humans only.
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