Summary Cord serum IgE levels were examined in 101 newborn infants ofatopic parents, and reviewed at the ages of 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 and 24 months, in order to determine any relation with signs and symptoms of allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, urticaria and food allergy. Cord blood IgE levels were 1.06+ 1.02 U/ml in the group of infants who developed atopic disease, and 0.34 + 0.79 U./ml in the group of infants who did not develop atopy (P < 0.001). In the breast‐fed group 37.5, of the infants with cord blood IgE more than 0.8 U/ml and 11.5% with IgE below 0.8 U/ml had atopic disease. In the soy‐fed group 33.3% of the infants with cord blood IgE more than 0.8 U/m! and 15.8% with cord blood IgE less than 0.8 U/ml developed atopy. Ninety percent of the cow's milk‐fed infants with cord blood IgE above 0.8 U/ml and 16% with cord blood IgE below 0.8 U/ml showed atopy during the follow‐up period. No correlation was found between the IgE levels in maternal and respective cord blood.

No abstract

Miinchen.Today, it is possible to identify the majority of the newborns with a high risk of atopy by recording family history (FH) and determination of cord-blood IgE (CB-IgE). But this selective screening cannot detect the total number of newborns at risk of atopy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the value of T-cell suppressor count in newborns for the prediction of atopy. We studied CB-IgE, T-cell counts and FH in 138 non-selected newborns. No measures were undertaken for the prevention of atopy. A control determination of IgE and T-cell function was performed at 14 months age.All children with elevated CH-IgE and low T-Suppressor cell count in the cord blood (11%) developed clinical signs of atopy.The risk of atopy was significantly higher in children with low CB-T-suppressor cell count and pOSe FH compared to normal controls (p 0,01). High CB-IgE or low T-suppressor cell count are of similar value for the prediction of atopy. At the age of 14 months, no correlation could be drawn between 19E, T-suppressor cell count and atopy symptoms. The 20 kD component present in birch pollen seems to be responsible for the crossreactivity with fruits, whereas the 18 kD component of bir'ch pollen seems to be responsible for the crossreactivity with grass pollen, potato and fruits. The crossreacting determinant on the 14 kD component is present in pollens (e.g. grass pollen) and other vegetable materials (e.g. potato). Support from the Welcome Trust is gratefully acknOWledged. No srroking in the house, strict controls for the elimination of house duSt,Irolds and mites, no pets in the house, day-care attendance delayed to after 3 yrs. All the infants were seen at our Clinic at the age of 1,3,6,9,12 nos and twice-a-year aft.e:l:wards. The median age of the 244 children at the last follow up was 3yrs+8Iros(Range 7 nos-8 yrs). 26 (14,5%) of the 179 breasl>-or soy-fed and 25 (38,5%) of 65 CM-fed infants developed atopic diseases during the follow-up (p< 0,001). In detail, 8 of the 26 breast-or soy-fed infants showed atopic dermatitis (AD} ,14 ast!nla, 1 rhinitis, 2 asthna associated with AD, and 1 urticaria.2 of the 25 CM-fed infants showed AD, 13 asthma, 2 rhinitis, and 8 astlma associated with AD. These data suggest that dietary and environmental measures exert a prophylactic effect on the developnent of atopic diseases in at-risk iiifants. 35 AEROSOL CHALLENGE ALTERS THE PERMEABILITY OF THE TRACHEA IN SENSITIZED RATSAllergic disease is very common in children. The disease is characterized by a variety of symptoms. When a child is referred to the pediatrician, the allergy has caused many problems. The sensitization to the different allergens has already taken place.The avoidance of allergens results in a decrease of symptoms.Since five year we follow-up the development of specific IgE for food and inhaled allergens in patients with a family history of atopy. In a group of young children we could demonstrate that the development of specific IgE for inhaled allergens was preceeded by specific IgE for food aller...

Background: Infants, young children, and their mothers are vulnerable in humanitarian emergencies. The health benefits of optimal breastfeeding practices in emergency settings have been demonstrated by many researchers. Infant and Young Children Feeding in Emergency guidelines illustrate a series of interventions to protect, promote, and support breastfeeding, but unfortunately, these recommendations are still scarcely applied. Research Aims: (1) To review the literature describing the effectiveness of breastfeeding protection, promotion, and support interventions in humanitarian emergency contexts; (2) to describe the influence of interventions on breastfeeding initiation, exclusivity, and duration; and (3) to evaluate relevant mother and infant/child outcomes available in the literature. Methods: PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Psychology Database, JSTOR, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Ovid were searched for articles that examined breastfeeding protection, promotion, or support interventions and the resulting outcomes without any time limits ( N = 10). Articles that did not include the interventions and related outcomes were excluded ( n = 1,391). Results: Improved breastfeeding outcomes were reported in four (40%) papers, and three (30%) highlighted a behavioral change in infant and young child feeding practices following the implementation of the interventions. Increased knowledge about appropriate infant and young child feeding practices among mothers and humanitarian/health staff was reported in eight (80%) papers. However, outcomes were sometimes only generically reported, and some of the included papers had a low strength of evidence. Conclusion: In the literature, there is a great dearth of studies evaluating the influence of interventions aimed at improving breastfeeding in emergency settings. More evidence is urgently needed to encourage and implement optimal breastfeeding practices.