Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus belonging to the family Retroviridae. HIV – 1 is found to be predominant in India and many parts of Africa. The intention of this study was to quantify the HIV Proviral Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) from newly infected HIV-1 individuals. Fifty patients who were tested positive for HIV were included in this study. Proviral Ribo Nucleic Acid (RNA) was extracted by QIAmp® RNA Mini Kit (QIAGEN, Germany) method. Complementary Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid (cDNA) was synthesized by using Invitrogen Superscript III cDNA synthesis Kit (USA). This cDNA was subjected to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Gene cloning by transformation method. The quantification of Real time PCR was done by Applied Bio-System (ABI)-Prism 7700. A linear standard curve was obtained 10 copies to 106 copies per reaction. The assay had good analytic sensitivity and linear dynamic range greater than 6 logs. From the results obtained in this study, It was concluded that Taqman Real-Time PCR Assay plays a major role in monitoring the HIV infected patients in routine diagnostics and clinical practice.
AML is represented by aggregation of ≥20% myeloid immature cells in the spongy marrow and most generally raise in the peripheral blood. A cytogenetic finding plays a vital role in the risk management and stratification of AML patients. AML is genetically and functionally a heterogenous malignant disease. In the western world leukemia is one of the most common among all cancers. India ranked 3rd in cancer disease after US and China. Management of AML is challenging specially for medium and low-income countries as it causes a huge economic burden to the patient and family. Molecular prognostic biomarkers will help in redefining the risk stratification more efficiently. Targeted drugs in pre-clinical and clinical trial recorded to have promising outcomes in AML. In this review we summarize the prevalence, incidence, and prognostication of AML.
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