Purpose: To estimate the effect of the consumption of products with an excessive amount of critical nutrients associated with NCDs, according to the PAHO Nutrient Profile Model on the quality of the diet of Uruguayan school-age children (4 to 12 years). Methods: A 24 h recall of food intake was conducted in a representative sample of 332 participants in the evaluation of the School Feeding Program in 2018 in public schools in Montevideo, Uruguay. Food and preparations were categorized according to the NOVA food classification, according to the nature, extent, and purposes of the industrial processes they undergo. Later, they were analyzed according to the Pan American Health Organization Nutrient Profile Model (PAHO NPM) to identify processed and ultra-processed products with an excessive content of critical nutrients. Results: Only 0.52% of children consumed exclusively natural foods, or culinary ingredients. Twenty-five per cent of children consumed ≥4 products categorized with an excessive content of free sugars, total fat, or saturated fat according to the PAHO NPM; in the case of excessive sodium, this was 40%. In general, children who included products with excessive free sugars, sodium, or saturated fat in their diet exceeded the limits established by the World Health Organization, and, as a result, their diet is of poorer nutritional quality compared to children who did not consume such products. Conclusion: Diets free of ultra-processed and processed products with excess free sugars, total fats, saturated fats, and sodium increased the chances of school-age children in Montevideo of meeting WHO nutrient intake recommendations. Meanwhile, intake of each additional gram of products with excessive critical nutrients according to PAHO NPM, significantly worsens diets, preventing children from meeting WHO recommendations.
Objetivo. Estimar el efecto que representa en la calidad de la dieta de la primera infancia uruguaya —niños de 2 a 4 años— el consumo de productos que contienen cantidades excesivas de nutrientes críticos asociados a las enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) (azúcares libres, grasas totales, grasas saturadas y sodio), según el modelo de perfil de nutrientes de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS). Métodos. Se utilizó un recordatorio de ingesta de alimentos durante 24 horas en una muestra representativa de 401 participantes de la Encuesta de Nutrición, Desarrollo Infantil y Salud del año 2018. Se usó la clasificación de alimentos propuesta por el sistema NOVA para categorizarlos según su naturaleza y los procesos industriales a los que son sometidos. A partir de esto se lo analizó con base en el modelo de perfil de nutrientes de la OPS, lo cual permitió identificar los productos con contenido excesivo de estos nutrientes. Resultados. El 50 % de los niños consumieron tres o más productos con exceso de alguno de los nutrientes vinculados con las ENT. Aproximadamente 9 de cada 10 niños consumen productos con exceso de al menos uno de los nutrientes críticos estudiados. Conclusión. Las dietas que no contienen productos ultraprocesados y procesados con exceso de azúcares libres, grasas totales, grasas saturadas y sodio fueron la mejor opción para los niños de 2 a 4 años. La ingesta de productos con exceso de nutrientes críticos según la OPS (y cada gramo adicional consumido de tales productos) empeora la calidad de la dieta de manera significativa, e impide que se cumpla con las recomendaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud.
Unhealthy diet is an important health problem in the region of the Americas, and Uruguay does not escape this reality. Nutritional problems in Uruguayan school-age children are overweight and obesity. Caloric intake is excessive for 60% of children and 28% of calories come from ultra-processed products (UPP) [CODICEN 2021] [MIDES 2020) (Köncke, Toledo, 2021). In 2018, an evaluation of food intake was conducted in a representative sample of public schools in the city of Montevideo. Food and preparations were categorized according to the NOVA system, later they were analyzed according to the Pan American Health Oganization nutrient profile model (PAHO NPM). Only 0.52% of children consumed exclusively natural foods, unprocessed, minimally processed or culinary ingredients. Twenty-five percent of children consumed ≥ 4 products categorized with excessive content of free sugars, total fat or saturated fat according to the PAHO NPM; in the case of excessive sodium this was 40%. In general, children who included products with excessive free sugars, sodium or saturated fat in their diet exceeded the limits established by PAHO and as a result their diet is of poorer nutritional quality compared to children who did not consume such products.
por mantener a un sistema de publicación continua, de modo que los artículos se publican antes de su formato final (antes de que el número al que pertenecen se haya cerrado y/o publicado). De este modo, intentamos poner los artículos a disposición de los lectores/usuarios lo antes posible. The Spanish Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics strives to maintain a continuous publication system, so that the articles are published before its final format (before the number to which they belong is closed and/or published). In this way, we try to put the articles available to readers/users as soon as possible.Esta obra está bajo una licencia de Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional
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