“…Compared to people with lower UPF intake, people who consume more UPFs were found to have poorer quality diets, characterized by higher intakes of energy and nutrients, such as total fat, saturated fat, trans fat, and free sugars, as well as lower intakes of protein, fiber, vitamins A, C, D, B6, and B12, and minerals, such as zinc, iron, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and potassium. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Similarly, a randomized controlled clinical trial comparing the effects on energy intake of an ultra-processed diet to an unprocessed diet showed that energy, carbohydrate, and fat intake were 25% higher on average in the ultraprocessed diet, while protein intake was lower. 18 Longitudinal studies further showed that subjects with a higher intake of UPFs have a higher risk of developing obesity, 19 type 2 diabetes, 20 cancer, 21 cardiovascular disease, 22 hypertension, 23 metabolic syndrome, and double-burden malnutrition in children and adolescents, 24,25 as well as all-cause mortality.…”