The main alterations, either acute or chronic, caused by aerobic physical exercise (PE) over the body are generally well-known. However, there is a particular effect of PE which started to be elucidated in the beginning of the 90's in humans which has the capacity to alter the temporal relationship of the body with the environment. The modification of the expression of the circadian rhythms caused by PE qualifies it as a synchronizer of the biological oscillators. The main synchronizer of the biological rhythm is the light / dark geophysical cycle. The day / night rotation which occurs through differences in the luminosity levels is perceived through photic ways by the CTS. These stimuli, called photic, provide temporal information to the CTS synchronizing hence the biological oscillators to this environmental cycle. Other stimuli are also capable to synchronize them and are called non-photic synchronizers. This review writes about the effect of PE over the temporization system as well as discusses the possible and probable chronobiological applications of the mentioned knowledge. PE may affect the CTS through non-photic ways, being hence able to benefit health of individuals in several situations, such as transmeridian flights, night shift tasks and sleep disturbs. Moreover, we highlight that further studies should be conducted on individuals' routine in order to better understand the relationship between different synchronizers as well as their contribution in a real context.
Como muitas medidas do desempenho humano apresentam variações circadianas que parecem acompanhar o ritmo da temperatura corporal, o objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a freqüência cardíaca máxima (FCmax) no teste de Bruce (Tbruce) em diferentes horários do dia. Foram estudados 11 indivíduos do gênero masculino, com 22,0 ± 1,6 anos, fisicamente ativos e do cronotipo intermediário. Observaram-se FC de repouso (FCrep), FC máxima (FCmax), percepção de esforço (PE) e tempo até a exaustão (TBruce). Para medir a FC, foi utilizado o cardiofreqüencímetro Polar Vantage NV. A PE foi obtida pela escala de Borg (6-20). Aplicou-se o protocolo de Bruce para esteira ergométrica, até a exaustão, em seis horários distintos: 9:00, 12:00, 15:00, 18:00, 21:00 e 24:00 horas. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância para medidas repetidas, seguida do teste de Tukey (p < 0,05) e ao ajuste Cosinor para identificação de padrões rítmicos. Houve diferença significativa entre a FCrep das 15:00 e 24:00 horas (67,2 ± 6,9 e 60,4 ± 6,4bpm) e na FCmax das 12:00 e 24:00 horas (197,4 ± 7,9 e 191,3 ± 5,8bpm). Não foi observada diferença na PE e no TBruce. Foi encontrada ritmicidade em um indivíduo na FCrep, um na FCmax e dois no TBruce. Concluiu-se que, em condições não controladas, mantendo-se as atividades diárias, tanto a FCrep quanto a Fcmax apresentam valores mais baixos por volta das 24:00 horas, sem perda no desempenho aeróbio máximo e sem alteração da PE. Esses achados devem ser considerados na avaliação aeróbia e na prescrição de exercícios em horários mais tardios.
Introduction and Objective: Sleep quality (SQ) benefits from regular physical exercise (PE) practice, but the effect of SQ over behavioral aspects of PE is not well known. In this study, we tested whether sleep variables can predict the drop out risk for PE programs during a six-week critical period for habit formation at gyms. Material and Methods: We assessed 153 volunteers, freshly enrolled at three different gyms and from both sexes, with average age of 33.6 (±11.9) years. Questionnaires provided sociodemographic, health, sleep, physical activity and circadian rhythmicity information. Daily PE practice frequency was monitored using the gym's turnstiles electronic records. We created a multivariate model using Cox regression in order to test the risk of PE program drop out during the first six weeks. Results: Worse SQ predicted a higher drop out risk (HR=1.11; 95%CI = 1.02-1.21; p<0.05), even when adjusted for other potential confounding variables. Conclusion: We found that worse SQ predicted a higher early drop out from PE programs in the formal context of gyms during the first six weeks, along with other variables related to PE practice.
Back, FA Temporal pattern of exposure to natural light/dark cycle and expression of morningness/eveningness tendencies in a rural area. 2008. 71 f. Master thesis (
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