The aim of this study was to evaluate daytime and nighttime sleep, as well as daytime and nighttime sleepiness of professional shift-working bus drivers. Thirty-two licensed bus drivers were assessed by nocturnal and diurnal polysomnography (PSG) recording and multiple sleep latency testing (MSLT) sessions. Sleep length was shorter and sleep efficiency reduced during daytime sleep compared with nighttime sleep. Thirty-eight percent of the drivers had indices of obstructive apnea and hypopnea syndrome (>5/h sleep) during nighttime and daytime sleep; more drivers snored during daytime than nighttime sleep (50% vs. 35%, p < 0.05), and 38% of the drivers evidenced periodic leg movements. The MSLT revealed that 42 and 38% of the bus drivers met the criteria for sleepiness when the test was conducted during the day and night, respectively. The daytime as compared to nighttime sleep of shift-working bus drivers was shorter and more fragmented and was associated in many with evidence of excessive sleepiness. Respiratory disorder was a common finding among the professional shift-working bus drivers. All these sleep deficiencies may adversely affect on the job driving performance.
The main alterations, either acute or chronic, caused by aerobic physical exercise (PE) over the body are generally well-known. However, there is a particular effect of PE which started to be elucidated in the beginning of the 90's in humans which has the capacity to alter the temporal relationship of the body with the environment. The modification of the expression of the circadian rhythms caused by PE qualifies it as a synchronizer of the biological oscillators. The main synchronizer of the biological rhythm is the light / dark geophysical cycle. The day / night rotation which occurs through differences in the luminosity levels is perceived through photic ways by the CTS. These stimuli, called photic, provide temporal information to the CTS synchronizing hence the biological oscillators to this environmental cycle. Other stimuli are also capable to synchronize them and are called non-photic synchronizers. This review writes about the effect of PE over the temporization system as well as discusses the possible and probable chronobiological applications of the mentioned knowledge. PE may affect the CTS through non-photic ways, being hence able to benefit health of individuals in several situations, such as transmeridian flights, night shift tasks and sleep disturbs. Moreover, we highlight that further studies should be conducted on individuals' routine in order to better understand the relationship between different synchronizers as well as their contribution in a real context.
Disruptions in circadian rhythms have been associated with several diseases, including cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Forced internal desynchronization induced by a period of T-cycles of 22 h (T22 protocol) reaches the lower limit of entrainment and dissociates the circadian rhythmicity of the locomotor activity into two components, driven by different outputs from the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The main goal of this study was to evaluate the cardiovascular and metabolic response in rats submitted to internal desynchronization by T22 protocol. Male Wistar rats were assigned to either a control group subjected to a usual T-cycles of 24 h (12 h–12 h) or an experimental group subjected to the T22 protocol involving a 22-h symmetric light–dark cycle (11 h–11 h). After 8 weeks, rats subjected to the T22 exhibited desynchrony in their locomotor activity. Although plasma glucose and insulin levels were similar in both groups, desynchronized rats demonstrated dyslipidemia, significant hypertrophy of the fasciculate zone of the adrenal gland, low IRB, IRS2, PI3K, AKT, SOD and CAT protein expression and an increased expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in the liver. Furthermore, though they maintained normal baseline heart rates and mean arterial pressure levels, they also presented reduced baroreflex sensitivity. The findings indicate that circadian timing desynchrony following the T22 protocol can induce cardiometabolic disruptions. Early hepatic metabolism dysfunction can trigger other disorders, though additional studies are needed to clarify the causes.
Como muitas medidas do desempenho humano apresentam variações circadianas que parecem acompanhar o ritmo da temperatura corporal, o objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a freqüência cardíaca máxima (FCmax) no teste de Bruce (Tbruce) em diferentes horários do dia. Foram estudados 11 indivíduos do gênero masculino, com 22,0 ± 1,6 anos, fisicamente ativos e do cronotipo intermediário. Observaram-se FC de repouso (FCrep), FC máxima (FCmax), percepção de esforço (PE) e tempo até a exaustão (TBruce). Para medir a FC, foi utilizado o cardiofreqüencímetro Polar Vantage NV. A PE foi obtida pela escala de Borg (6-20). Aplicou-se o protocolo de Bruce para esteira ergométrica, até a exaustão, em seis horários distintos: 9:00, 12:00, 15:00, 18:00, 21:00 e 24:00 horas. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância para medidas repetidas, seguida do teste de Tukey (p < 0,05) e ao ajuste Cosinor para identificação de padrões rítmicos. Houve diferença significativa entre a FCrep das 15:00 e 24:00 horas (67,2 ± 6,9 e 60,4 ± 6,4bpm) e na FCmax das 12:00 e 24:00 horas (197,4 ± 7,9 e 191,3 ± 5,8bpm). Não foi observada diferença na PE e no TBruce. Foi encontrada ritmicidade em um indivíduo na FCrep, um na FCmax e dois no TBruce. Concluiu-se que, em condições não controladas, mantendo-se as atividades diárias, tanto a FCrep quanto a Fcmax apresentam valores mais baixos por volta das 24:00 horas, sem perda no desempenho aeróbio máximo e sem alteração da PE. Esses achados devem ser considerados na avaliação aeróbia e na prescrição de exercícios em horários mais tardios.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.