Fluoride is frequently added to drinking water supplies, various food products, toothpaste, and mouth rinses to prevent tooth damage. However, at high concentrations, fluoride can cause fluorosis and damage to the brain tissue due to its excitotoxicity and oxidative stress effects. The damage of the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum can lead to motor coordination disorders. The present study aimed at investigating the effects of sodium fluoride on the motor coordination and the number of Purkinje cells of the cerebellum of rats. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups, namely a control group which received reverse osmosis distilled water and three treated groups which received sodium fluoride at doses of 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg bw. The treatment lasted for 30 days. The motor coordination of the rats was examined using a rotarod prior and subsequent to the treatments. The number of Purkinje cells was estimated using physical fractionator design. The numbers of Purkinje cells of the F10 and F20 groups were significantly lower than that of the control group. No significant differences in the results of the motor coordination test were found. The administration of sodium fluoride at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg bw caused a decrease in the number of Purkinje cells of the cerebellum in rats.
Islam as religion that applies universally and etemally encourage its people to have a positive and constructive attitude towords the development of science and technology (Science and technology),as long as science and technology is in line with Islamic law. The issue of genetic engineering the most recent isuue of cloning has become a hot ethical polemic in the west. This paper explores the Islamic view around the issue of cloning. According to Islamic law, it tums out that is no clear information that regulates this isuue.Among the mujtahids there is no question cloning animals, but if this is applied to human it will cause problems. Because cloning without the need for male sperma/husband. Without going through marriage, marriage guardian issues and other. This discourse is still developimg, but to arrive at a fatwa that allows it is still waiting for the continuation of the human cloning process in the future.
A European option is a financial contract which gives its holder a right (but not an obligation) to buy or sell an underlying asset from writer at the time of expiry for a predetermined price. The continuous European options pricing model is given by the Black-Scholes. The discrete model can be priced using the lattice models ih here we use trinomial model. We define the error simply as the difference between the trinomial approximation and the value computed by the Black-Scholes formula. An interesting characteristic about error is how to realize convergence of trinomial model option pricing to Black-Scholes option pricing. In this case we observe the convergence of Boyle trinomial model and trinomial model that built with Cox Ross Rubenstein theory.
Latar Belakang: Kolesterol adalah zat kristal lemak yang ditemukan di otak, saraf, hati, darah, empedu, dan membran plasma. Kolesterol tidak mudah larut dan dapat mengkristal di kantong empedu dan di sepanjang dinding arteri. Kepatuhan diet kolestrol sangat berperan penting dalam penurunan kadar kolesterol. Di Puskesmas Warkuk Ranau Selatan Kabupaten OKU Selatan jumlah lansia yang mengalami kadar kolestrol tinggi dari tahun ke tahun terus meningkat. Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis hubungan pengetahuan dan kepatuhan lansia dalam upaya pengontrolan kadar kolesterol. Metode: Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus-September 2021 Wilayah Kerja UPTD Puskesmas Warkuk Ranau Selatan Kabupaten Ogan Kombering Ulu (OKU) Selatan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah semua lansia yang datang ke Puskesmas Warkuk Ranau Selatan Kabupaten OKU Selatan tahun 2021 dengan jumlah sampel 50 orang yang diambil dengan metode accidental sampling. Variabel-variabel yang di teliti disajikan dalam bentuk tabel distribusi frekuensi dan di uji dengan analisis univariat dan bivariat, yaitu dengan menggunakan instrumen kuesioner. Hasil: Menunjukkan dari 50 responden lansia yang memiliki kadar kolestrol normal dengan tingkat pengetahuan baik 29 (93,5%) lansia sedangkan lansia yang memiliki kadar kolestrol tinggi dengan tingkat pengetahuan kurang baik 15 (78,9%) lansia. Hasil uji chi square didapatkan p value 0,000 artinya terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kenaikan kadar kolestrol dengan tingkat pengetahuan di Puskesmas Warkuk Ranau Selatan Kabupaten Kabupaten Ogan Kombering Ulu (OKU) Selatan. Saran: Diharapkan puskesmas dapat meningkatkan pelaksanaan program–program kesehatan lansia seperti posyandu lansia guna meningkatkan kesadaran lansia untuk dapat patuh dalam pengontrolan kadar kolestrol pada masyarakat khususnya bagi lansia di wilayah kerja setempat. Kata Kunci: Pengetahuan, Kepatuhan, Kadar Kolesterol
Transportation problems and assignment problems are special cases of linear programming problems. Puspita, Lukman and Agustina [1] studied about the development of Zimmerman method to solve fuzzy linear programming problems was known as the Zimmerman method of development. The Zimmerman method of development was carried out using the concept of Zimmermann method and Thorani’s ranking function. This paper discusses about solution for fuzzy assignment problems with parameter costs being fuzzy number using the development Zimmermann method that is new method that introduced by Puspita, Lukman, and Agustina [1]. In this article also presents an illustration of a numerical example about the development Zimmermann method for solving fuzzy assignment problems.
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