BACKGROUND: High-fat diet (HFD) is associated with dyslipidemia which is a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Dyslipidemia causes oxidative stress which induces vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Oxidative stress also triggers the thickening of tunica intima-media (IMT) and Perivascular Adipose Tissue (PVAT). Xanthone compound in ethanolic extract of Mangosteen pericarp (EEMP) has an antioxidant property to overcome the oxidative stress.
AIM: The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of dietary EEMP administration on the expression of VCAM-1 and thickness of PVAT and IMT in atherosclerotic rat model fed with HFD.
METHODS: This experimental laboratory study uses 25 Wistar strain Rattus norvegicus which were divided into 5 study groups. Negative Control group (GT1) was given a normal diet, Positive Control group (GT2) was treated with HFD, and three treatment groups were each treated with HFD with Mangosteen pericarp extract of 200 mg/kg BW (GT3), 400 mg/kg BW (GT4), and 800 mg/kg BW (GT5). Measurements of VCAM-1 expression were performed using immunofluorescence. PVAT and IMT measurements were performed on rat aortic preparations.
RESULTS: One-way ANOVA test showed the addition of dietary EEMP significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the expression of VCAM-1 and decreased the thickness of PVAT and IMT in treatment groups as compared with both negative and positive controls. Tukey HSD test showed a dose of 800 mg/kg BW was the most effective dose for decreasing VCAM-1 level, PVAT and IMT.
CONCLUSION: Dietary EEMP significantly decreases the expression of VCAM-1, as well as the thickness of PVAT and IMT in Wistar strain Rattus norvegicus treated with HFD.
PurposeThe aim of this study is to prove that type 2 diabetes mellitus can induce increasing inflammation marker in renal and that the provision of darapladib as Lp-LA2 Inhibitor agents can inhibit inflammation that were measured from the expression of IL-1B and IL-6- type cytokine in renal. This study also discusses the correlation between IL-1B and IL-6- type cytokine expression in renal.MethodsThirty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into three main groups; those are negative control group (NC), Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus group (T2DM) given high fat diet (HFD) with streptozotocin intraperitoneal injection (35mg/kg BW) and diabetes mellitus + darapladib group (DM + DP). Each group was treated within two serial treatment time: 8 weeks and 16 weeks. Expressions of IL-1B and IL-6- type cytokine in renal were the markers that we measured by immunofluorosense method.ResultsThe administration of darapladib can significantly decrease the expression of IL-1B- type cytokine (p ANOVA = 0.029, p < 0.005) measured in rats’ renal both at weeks 8 and 16 in the T2DM group. The Expression of IL-6- type cytokine also showed a significant difference after treated with darapladib both at weeks 8 and 16 in T2DM group with p-value of ANOVA = 0.033, p < 0.005. The Pearson correlation showed a strong correlation (linear regression value was r2 = 0.743).ConclusionOur results show that atherosclerosis caused by inflammation in renal T2DM SD rats could be inhibited by the administration of darapladib.
Objective:This study is aimed to examine the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in cardiac tissue of dyslipidemic Sprague Dawley rats.Methods:Eight Sprague Dawley strain rats, with 150-200 gram body weight, were divided into two groups. The control group was fed a standard diet, the positive control group was fed a high-fat diet as our previous study for 8 weeks. The pattern of distribution of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in cardiac muscle cell was examined by immunofluorescence and observed with a confocal laser scanning microscope. Lipid profile was also examined at the end of the study.Result:Independent t-test showed no differences in ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in cardiac muscle of hypercholesterol-diet-fed Sprague Dawley rat compared to control.Conclusion:The expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in cardiac muscle did not change after the onset of atherosclerosis.
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