Introduction Availability and accessibility of a safe COVID-19 vaccine do not necessarily guarantee an effective means to mitigate the pandemic. However, the fragile hero’s or health care worker's attitude toward the vaccine is of paramount importance to promote its acceptance. So, the current review aims to provide the latest assessment of healthcare workers’ attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccination and its contributing factor worldwide. Methods Peer-reviewed surveys in English indexed via an electronic database in Google Scholar, Science Direct and PubMed were systematically searched. The review was carried out per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA-2009) and registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021265534). Results Originally 8039 articles were searched from three databases PubMed, Science direct, and Google scholar. Finally, 24 studies met the inclusion criteria and made the root for the estimates of the attitude of COVID -19 vaccinations. In about two-thirds of the studies, respondents showed a positive attitude (≥50%) toward COVID-19 vaccination. However, in about one-quarter of the studies, a negative attitude (<50%) against vaccination was reported. Factors related to the attitude of healthcare workers toward COVID-19 vaccination include age, sex, profession, concerns about the safety of vaccines and fear of COVID-19, trust in the accuracy of the measures taken by the government, flu vaccination during the previous season, comorbid chronic illness, history of recommendation, and depression symptoms in the past week. Conclusion Although most studies report that healthcare workers have a positive attitude toward COVID-19 vaccination, quite a few surveys mention negative attitudes towards the use of vaccines, which may reflect missed opportunities or challenges for the international efforts aimed at mitigating the pandemic. Still, we need to continue to make more efforts to change the attitudes of the uncertain healthcare workers to increase the uptake of the vaccine and deal with the multi-faceted impact of infection.

BackgroundAcute poisoning is a common reason for emergency department visit and hospitalization worldwide with major morbidity and mortality. The burden of poisoning exposures in Africa is a significant public health concern, but only 10 of 58 countries have poisons information centers (PICs).ObjectiveThe primary intention of our current review is to explore and summarize the published evidence on the patterns and epidemiology of poisoning in Ethiopia.MethodPubMed and Scopus were searched for primary, case series and human studies for publications from inception to July 2017. A manual search for additional relevant studies using references from retrieved articles was also performed. Only studies that reported acute poisoning in both pediatric and adult patients were included. From the screened articles, data were extracted for baseline characteristics and relevant end points such as case fatality rate, time for health institution presentation and length of hospital stay.ResultInitial entry and search resulted in the retrieval of 332 articles. Finally, 9 studies comprised of 4763 participants were included in this current review. In 78% of the studies included in this review, acute poisoning is reported to be more prevalent in females. Acute poisoning was revealed to be prevalent in less than 30 years old. Organophosphates and household cleaning agents were the predominant agents of acute poisoning. Intentional poisoning was identified responsible for the majority of acute poisoning cases and factors such as psychiatric problems, and quarrel were identified as the underlying reasons for poisoning. Time of presentation to health institution after poisoning, length of hospital stay and case fatality rate were reported and lies in the ranges between 0.2 h–24 h, 0.5 days–17.7 days and 0–14.8%, respectively.ConclusionThe occurrence of acute poisoning was higher in females and common in less than 30 years of age, making this a real public health burden in Ethiopia. Psychiatric problems, quarrel and substance abuse were identified as the most common reasons for acute poisoning. Awareness creation how to handle chemicals and prescribed drugs and psychiatric consultations should be in place for the community.

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Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 is a pandemic disease, requiring persons around the world to take immediate action to reduce the risk of infection. This study was aimed to summarize the patterns and determinants of coronavirus disease 2019 knowledge, attitude, and practice among general populations and health workers. Methods: A cross-sectional study from PubMed, HINARI, and Scopus were searched from March 16 to July 30, 2020. The review was done in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses–2009. Result: We found 56 articles upon the initial search. Finally, 21 studies were filtered to be studied in this systematic review. Overall, the majority of the articles that were previously published had good knowledge about coronavirus disease 2019 that lies in the ranges from 40% to 99.5%. A good attitude lies in the ranges from 70% to 97.1%. Among impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on mental health, only anxiety was reported that ranges from 24.6% to 96.3%. We found the variable practice towards combating coronavirus disease 2019. Several factors were associated with poor knowledge, attitudes, and practice skills regarding the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 such as level of education, occupation, income, gender, age, residence, work experience, religion, having media, marital status, and race. Conclusion: The majority of the articles that were previously published had found good knowledge and attitude about coronavirus disease 2019 and variable reports for practice to combat the disease. Most of them were severely worried about the disease. Therefore, the mental effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 should be studied at large, and every country should implement the strategy to combat the disease to increase the level of practice.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with an increased risk of early recurrence and distant metastasis, as well as the development of therapeutic resistance and poor prognosis. TNBC is characterized by a wide range of genetic, immunophenotypic, morphological, and clinical features. TNBC is coined to describe cancers that lack estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). As a result, hormonal or trastuzumab-based treatments are ineffective in TNBC patients. TNBCs are biologically aggressive, and despite some evidence that they respond to treatment better than other forms of breast cancer, the prognosis remains poor. This is attributed to a shorter disease-free interval in adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings, as well as a more aggressive metastatic course. TNBC has a lot of clinical ramifications. In terms of new treatment methods, TNBC has lagged behind other types of breast cancer. There are not many options for treating this form of breast cancer because it is progressive. Many effective treatments for most breast cancers block the growth-stimulating effects of ER, PR, and/or HER2, leaving TNBC with few choices. Finding new and effective treatment options for TNBC remains a critical clinical need. To develop more effective drugs, new experimental approaches must be tested in patients with TNBC.

Background: Hypertension is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among noncommunicable diseases. The rate of blood pressure (BP) control among hypertensive patients is poor and the reasons for poor control of BP remain poorly understood globally. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude and determinants of uncontrolled blood pressure among adult hypertensive patients on follow-up at Nekemte referral hospital (NRH). Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to April 2018 at NRH. BP control status was determined by the average consecutive BP recordings across the 3 months. The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 and p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 297 study participants included, the majority were females, 181 (60.9%), and the mean age of the patients was 59.4 ±10.4 years. About half, 137 (46.12%), of the patients had at least one comorbidity and the most common class of anti-hypertensive medication was angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (88.2%). The mean of systolic blood pressure was 132.41± 15.61mmHg, while the mean of diastolic blood pressure was 84.37± 9.32 mmHg. The proportion of participants with optimally controlled BP was 63.6% and 36% were adherent to their medications. Male sex (Adjusted Odd Ratio [AOR]: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.09-4.84), illiteracy (AOR= 1.56, 95% CI: 1.22-6.78), duration of hypertension diagnosis > 10 years (AOR= 2.01, 95% CI: 1.04-16.11), non-adherence (AOR= 3.14, 95% CI: 1.35-10.76) and lack of physical exercise (AOR= 2.8, 95% CI: 1.16-6.74) were positively associated with uncontrolled BP status. Whereas age older than 55 years (AOR= 0.38, 95% CI: 0.11-0.92) was negatively associated with uncontrolled BP. Conclusion: BP control was relatively achieved in about two-third of pharmacologically treated patients. We recommend better health education and care of patients to improve the rate of BP control status.

Background Diabetes foot ulcer is a devastating and much-feared complication of diabetes. Diabetes foot ulcerations which developed gangrene can take weeks or months to heal and can sometimes not heal at all so that amputation for non-traumatic causes is a frequent outcome in the diabetic foot. Despite this, there is no finding on predictors of the amputation rate of diabetes foot ulcers in Ethiopia. Hence this study was aimed to identify factors associated with the amputation rate of diabetes foot ulcer patients in Nekemte referral hospital. Patients and methods A prospective observational study was conducted among adult diabetes foot ulcer patients admitted to Nekemte referral hospital from March 15 to June 15, 2018. A pus swab was obtained from the ulcers before any ulcer cleaning to conduct gram staining. The primary outcome was the amputation rate. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate the hazard ratios and time from study entry to healing was evaluated as censored event times by Kaplan-Meier curves. Result Over the study period, 115 diabetes foot ulcer patients were admitted to the NRH; of these patients, 64(55.65%) were males while the mean age of participants was 44.4 ± 14.7. A total of 34(29.57%) of the diabetes foot ulcer were overweight and 16(13.91%) were obese while the mean ± standard deviation of body mass index (BMI) was 24.94 ± 3.69 kg/m2 and a total of 56(48.69%) diabetic foot ulcer had a diabetic complication. Of patients with diabetic foot ulcer, 35(30.43%) were undergone lower extremity amputations (LEA). Patients who were prescribed with inappropriate antibiotics were unlikely to heal. A total of 18(46.15%) of the patients who were taken inappropriate antibiotics were healed whereas 21(53.85%) were not healed (P = 0.017). Besides, the higher the Wagner grade, the worse the outcome of healing. A total of 19(21.84%) and 16(57.14%) of patients with grade < 4 and grade ≥ 4, respectively, did not heal (P = 0.005). Conclusion The amputation rate of diabetes foot ulcers was rapid for patients prescribed inappropriate antibiotics and higher grades of the foot ulcer. Therefore, the presence of clinical pharmacists plays a pivotal role to promote the appropriate use of antibiotics and besides the daily care, special attention should be given for patients having an advanced grade of diabetes foot ulcer.

Introduction The COVID-19 vaccine is a key intervention toward containing the pandemic. Vaccines are thought to be a form of defense. One of the major challenges to managing the COVID-19 pandemic is the uncertainty or willingness to accept vaccinations. Our study aimed willingness to get the COVID-19 vaccine and the factors that influence it in Mettu Woreda, Ilu Ababor Zone, Ethiopia. Methodology Cross-sectional study design was conducted from August 1, 2021, to September 1, 2021, among rural residents of Mettu woreda’s of Ilu Ababor Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. The semi-structured data collection format was prepared to assess the magnitude of the communities’ acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the predictors of communities’ acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine at 95% CI. Results Of 350 participants from the study area, 59% of them were males and 41% females. Less than one-third (29.8%) of participants were willing to accept the COVID-19 vaccine. The results multivariable logistic regression revealed that the age group of ≥50 years (OR=0.29; 95% CI: −3.1–0.34) as compare with the 18–29 years, low monthly income (OR=0.85; 95% CI: −0.74–2.33), low perception level (OR=0.35; 95% CI: −2.03–0.24), government unemployed (OR=0.86; 95% CI: −0.72–0.1), low Level of acceptance (OR=0.72; 95% CI: −0.67, 0.08) and unwillingness to test COVID-19 (OR=0.13; 95% CI: −4.47, 0.58) were predictors of willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion Less than one-third of the study, participants were willing to accept the COVID-19 vaccine. The likelihood of Willingness to accept the COVID-19 vaccine was low in the study area. Overall; low education, low vaccination perception, low income, jobless occupation, older age, and unwillingness to test for COVID-19 were associated with greater willingness to take the COVID-19 vaccine and are significantly associated with willingness to get the COVID-19 immunization.