<p><em>Media pembelajaran adalah alat bantu proses belajar mengajar</em><em> </em><em>yang dapat dipergunakan untuk merangsang pikiran, perasaan, perhatian dan kemampuan untuk pembelajar</em><em>an. </em><em>Pelajaran ilmu pengetahuan alam (IPA) </em><em>adalah</em><em> salah satu bidang studi yang mempelajari alam semesta</em><em>, dalam kegiatan belajar guru sangat berperan penting dalam mengajar. </em><em>Tuntunan proses pengajaran agar tidak monoton atau bersifat hafalan guna mendorong guru IPA untuk terus meningkatkan kreatifitas penggunaan media dalam pembelajaran IPA, sehingga menciptakan proses pembelajaran yang menarik, interaktif dan menyenangkan</em><em> dalam mengikuti mata pelajaran tersebut</em><em>. Dalam pembelajaran IPA terdapat materi belajar berupa fakta-fakta dan adapula konsep yang bersifat abstrak. Metodologi penelitian pembuatan aplikasi media pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam berbasis multimedia ini menggunakan metodologi pengembangan multimedia Luther – Sutopo yaitu konsep, perancangan, pengumpulan bahan, pembuatan, pengujian dan distribusi. Pengembangan media menggunakan pendekatan “VISUALS” yaitu Visible (mudah dilihat), Interesting (menarik), Simple (sederhana), Useful (isinya bermanfaat), Accurate (benar bisa dipertanggung jawabkan), Legitimate (masuk akal), dan Structured (tersusun dengan baik). Berdasarkan kesimpulan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi media pembelajaran IPA dapat digunakan oleh pengajar pada sarana pembelajaran berbasis multimedia.</em></p>

Abstract. Hardiwinoto S, Ardiansyah F, Widiyatno. 2021. Application of selected teak clone and organic fertilizer to accelerate rehabilitation of lowland forest of Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1750-1756. Lowland forest in Java Island Indonesia is dominated by teak forest. However, for some decades, the forest has degraded and decreased teak wood production. Rehabilitation of the degraded forest is needed to accelerate the forest land cover. Vegetative propagation of selected clones is one of the techniques used in the asexual reproduction of plants to maintain superior genetics from ancestors to their offspring. In addition, adding organic fertilizer can improve the chemical and physical properties of degraded sites. In this study, vegetative propagation techniques of selected teak clones and addition of organic fertilizer were used to rehabilitate the degraded forest. The objectives of the research were to determine the best propagation technique and appropriate dosage of organic fertilizer toward the early growth of clonal teak plantations. The results showed that the height and diameter parameters did not significantly differ for vegetative propagation and interaction with organic fertilizer dosage (P > 0.05). However, the dosage of organic fertilizer significantly increased the DBH of the teak (P < 0.05), although the height parameter did not significantly differ among dosages of organic fertilizer (P > 0.05). The best dosage of organic fertilizer was 5 kg/individual, under which the average growth in height and diameter of teak at 14 months was 3.79 and 5.60 cm, respectively. This suggests that vegetative propagation of selected teak clones and addition of 5 kg/individual organic fertilizer could be implemented to support the successful rehabilitation of degraded forests.

By 2010, Sumatera Island of Indonesia had lost the highest annual forest cover due to oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) expansion, leading to adverse environmental impacts. The introduction of oil palm agroforestry (OPAF) within the social forestry program was to reduce these environmental impacts, conserve biodiversity, enhance wildlife habitat, and improve smallholder household resilience. However, the information on OPAF implementation progress and its benefits and ecological impacts still need to be explored. This research aims to measure the diversity of birds in young OPAF by comparing birds’ diversity in four land covers: young oil palm agroforestry (three years after establishment), old oil palm agroforestry (20 years after establishment), oil palm monoculture, and secondary forest. We indicated 43 bird species from 25 families across all land covers. The secondary forest had the highest valueof bird diversity index value of 2.80. The second was the first young oil palm agroforestry (2.42), followed by old OPAF, oil palm monoculture, and the second young OPAF with index values of 2.30, 2.19, and 2.16, respectively. Enrichment planting on oil palm monoculture through OPAF development could help restore tropical forests’ structural complexity while also providing more suitable bird habitats.

About 3.4 million hectares of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) plantations occupied the forest area in Indonesia by 2019. The enrichment of monoculture oil palm using forest tree species became one of the solutions toward the forest transition processes within a target period associated with the social forestry program. Within this context, smallholder farmers acquired the right to manage oil palm plantations inside forest areas through social forestry permits. Smallholder farmers had to plant and maintain 100 forest tree species per hectare. Research on oil palm agroforestry adoption focused on the factors and barriers to the adoption process and little about the outcome of the adoption. Therefore, this research aimed to predict smallholders’ peak adoption of oil palm agroforestry. Data was collected using Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with 133 members of the forest farmer group in Sungai Jernih Village, Jambi Province. Data were analysed using Adoption and Diffusion Outcome Prediction Tool (ADOPT) to predict peak level adoption and the time to reach peak adoption. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess changes in oil palm agroforestry adoption affected by 22 variables. The results showed that peak level adoption and time to reach peak adoption of oil palm agroforestry are 79% and 19 years, respectively. This research suggested that oil palm agroforestry adoption needed external assistance from the government.

Oil palm has been widely adopted and cultivated as monoculture plantations in Indonesia. Research suggests that these monoculture practices have led to adverse impacts both on natural and human systems and smallholder farmers have been severely impacted by these unsustainable practices. This chapter aims to analyze how oil palm agroforestry (OPAF) has been adopted by smallholder farmers in the Jambi and Central Kalimantan provinces of Indonesia as part of the social forestry (SF) program to solve the tenure-related conflict in the designated forest areas which are disturbed by monoculture oil palm plantations managed by smallholder farmers. This chapter shows that although oil palm is widely adopted as monoculture plantations for the sake of high yielding, smallholder farmers tend to adopt OPAF to maintain the stability of household incomes amidst the uncertainty of oil palm price in the global market and secure their tenurial access to the designated forest lands. Their perception of OPAF is influenced by their knowledge and determines their decision in adopting OPAF. However, peer pressure and external supports also play important roles in accelerating the adoption of OPAF. More efforts on evidence and knowledge production, communication with stakeholders, and expert backstopping are needed to accelerate the adoption of OPAF.