Banyusoco village in Gunungkidul has more than 60% of its land as state forests managed by several forest farmer groups in Community Forestry scheme (Hutan Kemasyarakatan-HKm) majority planted Teak (Tectona grandis). Problem of "delayed" revenue through harvesting slow-growing Teak stands could be resolved by planting a type of tubers or empon-empon under the stand, so that forest floor may earn additional income. Our community service focuses on introduction of Porang tuber plants (Amorphophallus oncocphyllus) to a) increase environmental knowledge and skills of farmers in agroforestry-Porang cultivation; b) increase knowledge and skills of farmers in harvesting and managing postharvest of Porang; c) increase farmers' income from Porang. Our first of three year activities program included institutional workshops and introduction of Porang cultivation, procurement of Porang seeds, development of demonstration plot, and facilitation on planting Porang under stands. Temporary result was a 0.5 hademonstration plot with 4,000 seeds supporting by HKm "Sedyo Rukun" which positively impacts in a) fostering cohesiveness of members with mutual cooperation every Thursday (Kamisan) in preparing and maintaining land; b) increasing members' understanding in cultivation Porang; c) becoming a portfolio in national HKm competition. Following year's community empowerment program continues to be focused on maintaining, harvesting and marketing Porang.
Cajuput leaf harvesting is a technical forest activity of non-timber forest products. The productivity of cajuput leaf harvesting is strongly influenced by aspects of human resource capacity and biophysical aspects. This study aims to identify the socio-demographic conditions of forest workers in cajuput leaves harvesting and to analyze the standards performance of harvesting in FMU Yogyakarta. A survey of 100 samples of workers were used to determine socio-demographic characteristics, while in-depth observations were made on 3 workers with different characteristics to determine work performance. The socio-demographic conditions of workers in the cajuput leaf harvesting are seen from eight characteristics, namely age, gender, education, number of dependents, livelihoods, and land ownership. Workers have an average age of 58 years old and are male. The level of education possessed by workers is dominated by graduating from elementary school (SD) by 64 %. The average number of dependents per worker household is 4 people, with the main livelihood being farmers. The average land ownership of workers in cajuput leaf harvesting is 0.17 ha. The work performance of harvesting for normal people in the FMU Yogyakarta is 72.23 kg / hour.
Doktrin Lex Sportiva dirumuskan sebagai ajaran mengenai hukum yang khusus mengatur tentang olahraga yang dibentuk oleh institusi komunitas olahraga itu sendiri dan berlaku serta ditegakkan oleh lembaga olahraga itu sendiri tanpa intervensi dari hukum positif suatu negara dan tanpa intervensi dari hukum internasional. Lex sportiva ini tegas-tegas menolak digunakannya hukum nasional suatu negara, baik dalam penyelenggaraan, pengawasan, pengendalian, maupun penyelesaian sengketa olahraga cabang olahraga. Selain itu cabang-cabang olahraga juga menolak campur tangan atau intervensi pemerintah atau negara dalam kekisruhan yang terjadi dalam organisasi cabang olaharaga. Bahkan federasi internasional cabang olahraga ini tidak segan-segan menjatuhkan sanksi kepada federasi nasional cabang olahraga dari suatu negara peserta yang pemerintah atau negaranya melakukan campur tangan atau intervensi terhadap penyelenggaraan cabang olahraga ini. Dalam konteks Indonesia, kehadiran peraturan perundang-undangan keolahragaan seringkali dimaknai oleh federasi internasional cabang olahraga dan atau penganut lex sportiva di Indonesia sebagai bentuk campur tangan atau intervensi negara terhadap penyelenggaraan sepakbola yang menjadi kewenangannya, sehingga harus ditolak. Mereka berpandangan bahwa Hukum Olahraga Nasional Indonesia yang dimanifestasikan dalam Undang-Undang Sistem Keolahragaan Nasional (UU SKN) dan 3 (tiga) Peraturan Pemerintah, hanya boleh mengatur hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan olahraga dari sisi public interest-nya saja. Itupun dengan catatan bahwa norma-norma hukum dari peraturan perundang-undangan yang dibuat oleh Pemerintah Indonesia tersebut tidak mengintervensi terhadap Lex Sportiva. Jika UU SKN dan peraturan perundang-undangan lainnya mengatur terlalu jauh dan masuk ke ranah lex sportiva, maka dapat dipastikan olahraga di Indonesia tidak diakui sebagai bagian dari olahraga internasional. Disini dapat dikatakan telah terjadi benturan antara sistem hukum keolahragaan nasional sebagai salah satu alat pengembangan kedaulatan negara yang menganut paham positifisme dengan lex sportiva sebagai alat pengembangan kesejahteraan masyarakat yang menganut paham utilitiarisme.
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