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Abstract. Dako FX, Purwanto RH, Faida LRW, Sumardi. 2019. Community’s social capital in the management of Mutis Timau Protected Forest in Timor Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2177-2187. The social capital of the community around Mutis Timau Protected Forest in Timor Island is unexplored. In fact, its social capital plays an important role to support sustainable management of the forest viewed from the ability of the community to work together in achieving common goals in groups and organizations. This study aimed to investigate the elements of community’s social capital (i.e. norms, beliefs, and networks) in nine villages located in and around Mutis Timau Protected Forest administratively managed by the Forest Management Unit of South Central Timor District using quantitative survey approach. The result of the study showed that two villages have strong social capital while seven villages have moderate category. Overall, the communities have strong level on the elements of trust in individuals and others, and knowledge and understanding on unwritten rules, but have moderate level on the elements of written rules/regulations, trust in institutions and regulations, organizational network, and participation network. Community participation increases the understanding of written rules, institutional trust and improves the development of social networks (organizational networks and participation) between groups. This results can be used as a reference for the Forest Management Unit of South Central Timor District when developing cooperation with communities that have traditional knowledge and local wisdom through norms, beliefs, and networks in managing and utilizing natural resources in Mutis Timau Protected Forest. Furthermore, the involvement of people with social capital in managing Mutis Timau Protected Forest can maintain forest sustainability and improve community welfare.

The existence of Mutis Timau Protected Forest (MTPF) has given a real contribution to the community by providing household energy needs and raw materials for building the houses. This preliminary study is aimed at knowing the contribution of M T PF in terms of firewood and carpentry wood consumption in the community. The study was conducted in 9 villages located in and around MTPF. This study used surveys and employed descriptive analysis with 353 families spread proportionally on every village as the sample. The results show that MTPF contributed to as much as 87.45% of the total firewood consumption of the community living in and around the protected forest, while the remaining 12.55% was supplied from the gardens. These percentages were calculated from the total firewood -1 consumption of 1,912,512 kg year . Meanwhile, every 15-20 years, MTPF contributed to 96.98% of the total 3 carpentry wood needs (1,177.3 m ) while the remaining 3.02% was supplied from privately owned gardens. This fact indicates that the dependence level of the community on the forest is high. Consequently, the pressure on the forest is also very high and may cause deforestation and degradation. To prevent deforestation and degradation, social participation in the sustainable management of MTPF is needed. The principles of social forestry must be implemented through social forestry programs such as community empowerment.

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AbstrakHutan Kemasyarakatan (HKm) di Provinsi Lampung sudah berjalan sejak 14 tahun yang lalu dengan segala dinamika dalam implementasinya. Penelitian terhadap perkembangan HKm sangat dibutuhkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan HKm di Provinsi Lampung yang dibatasi pada sebaran, permasalahan dan kondisi yang diharapkan. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan September-Desember 2014. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara terbuka dan semi struktur menggunakan kuesioner dan pengamatan langsung. Informasi penyebaran HKm diperoleh melalui kegiatan survai dan identifikasi terhadap semua kabupaten yang ada di Provinsi Lampung. Permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam implementasi HKm dan kondisi yang diharapkan dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dengan kelompok tani dan pertemuan/sosialisasi tentang HKm yang dilakukan oleh Dinas Kehutanan Kabupaten/Provinsi. Data yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisis menggunakan diagram tulang ikan (Fishbone Diagram) dan diuraikan secara deskriprif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa HKm di Provinsi Lampung merupakan solusi terhadap permasalahan konflik pengelolaan hutan dengan tingginya tingkat ketergantungan masyarakat terhadap hutan yang telah mendorong kegiatan penggarapan kawasan hutan. HKm di Provinsi Lampung tersebar di 9 kabupaten dari 15 kabupaten/kota yang ada baik yang sudah mendapatkan Izin Usaha Pemanfaatan HKm (IUPHKm), mendapatkan Penetapan Areal Kerja (PAK), maupun sedang mengusulkan PAK. Permasalahan utama dalam implementasi HKm adalah dukungan anggaran yang kurang memadai akibat HKm belum menjadi program prioritas sehingga pembinaan dan pendampingan yang dilakukan kurang maksimal. Pengembangan kelembagaan kelompok tani, lahan, dan kewirausahaan merupakan tiga kunci penting untuk mencapai tujuan HKm yakni untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat dan menjaga kelestarian hutan.Kata kunci: hutan kemasyarakatan, kondisi yang diharapkan, konflik, pengelolaan, permasalahan, sebaran. Abstract Community Forest (HKm) in Lampung Province has to be 14 years of age with its dynamics on implementation. Studies on HKm progres is needed. The study aimed is to know progress of HKm especially distribution, problem and expectation condition. The study was conducted in September to December 2014 in Lampung Province. Data was collected using open ended and semi-structured questionnaire interview and direct observation. Information of HKm distribution obtained through survey and identification of districts in Lampung Province. Problem faced and expectation condition on implementation of

Abstract. Purwanto RH, Mulyana B, Sari PI, Hidayatullah MF, Marpaung AA, Putra ISR, Putra AD. 2021. The environmental services of Pangarengan mangrove forest in Cirebon, Indonesia: conserving biodiversity and storing carbon. Biodiversitas 22: 5609-5616. Pangarengan mangrove forest in Cirebon, Indonesia, plays a vital role in providing ecosystem services, such as conserving biodiversity and storing carbon. The area of the Pangarengan mangrove forest is relatively small, but it is home to diverse flora and fauna. Also, it can mitigate climate change by storing carbon. Unfortunately, no specific records exist on biodiversity and carbon stock in the Pangarengan mangrove forest. This study aimed to record the diversity of flora and fauna of the Pangarengan mangrove using a survey approach and to estimate its carbon stocks using a non-destructive sampling method, except for seedlings, on 78 sampling plots, distributed randomly along the banks of the Cipaluh River. The results revealed that the flora consisted of 24 species, and the fauna was composed of 12 species. The mangrove species in the Pangarengan mangrove forest was dominated by Rhizophora mucronata. The carbon stocks varied among species or the life stages of plants (seedlings, saplings, poles, and trees). The carbon stock of Avicennia marina trees was the highest (110.810 MgC/ha), and the lowest was the seedlings of the Avicennia alba (0.005 MgC/ha). Furthermore, the interpretation of the images showed that the Pangarengan mangrove forest area is 21.5 ha. The mangrove forest is located in the coastal area of the Java Sea, 2.4 km from the residential area of Pangarengan village. It is crucial to preserve the Pangarengan mangrove forest because it functions as a source of biodiversity and carbon storage.