BackgroundGenetic diversity among rice cultivars from Bangladesh and North East India was assessed using a custom 384-SNP microarray assay. A total of 511 cultivars were obtained from several sources, choosing landraces likely to be from the aus subpopulation and modern improved cultivars from Bangladesh. Cultivars from the OryzaSNP set and Rice Diversity Panel 1 (RDP1) were also included for reference.ResultsThe population analysis program STRUCTURE was used to infer putative population groups in the panel, revealing four groups: indica (76 cultivars), japonica (55) and two distinct groups within the aus subpopulation (aus-1 = 99, aus-2 = 151). Principal Component Analysis was used to confirm the four population groups identified by STRUCTURE. The analysis revealed cultivars that belonged to neither aus-1 nor aus-2 but which are clearly aus based on the combined probabilities of their membership of the two aus groups which have been termed aus-admix (96). Information obtained from the panel of 511 cultivars was used to assign rice groups to 74 additional landraces obtained from Assam and West Bengal. While both the aus-1 and aus-2 groups were represented approximately equally in India, aus-2 (which includes cultivar N 22) was more common in Bangladesh, but was not found at all in West Bengal.ConclusionsExamining the distribution of landrace names within theaus-1 and aus-2 groups suggests that aus-1 is associated with the term “boro”, a word used to describe a winter growing season in Bangladesh and Assam. The information described here has been used to select a population of 300 cultivars for Genome Wide Association studies of the aus rice subpopulation.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12284-015-0068-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Clustering methods in a study of genetic diversity of peppersThe objective of this study was to compare three methods to determine number of groups in studies with hierarquical cluster analysis, based at data from characterization of Capsicum accessions, in order to identify those with the greatest power of discrimination. Mojena method, Tocher method and RMSSTD method were applied to determine the optimal number of groups formed in final stage of the UPGMA method. Forty nine Capsicum chinense accessions from the Vegetable Germplasm Bank of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa were analyzed, in relation to ten morphological characters for identifying the most similar accessions group, making possible the selection of superior genotypes, i.e., of commercial interest. The RMSSTD method allowed to conclude on the existence of seven groups, with a greater power of discrimination for this method, compared to the Tocher optimization method and the Mojena method, which formed, respectively, four and three groups.
ResumoObjetivou com este estudo avaliar a utilização de diferentes fontes de silício (Si) sobre as características agronômicas e conteúdos foliares de Si em B. decumbens cv. Basilisk e P. maximum cv. Mombaça tendo como substrato o horizonte B de um Latossolo da Zona da Mata Mineira. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos inteiramente casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4 x 2, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos constaram de três fontes de Si (silicato de sódio, rocksil e silicato de potássio, com doses correspondentes a 40 g L -1 de Si) e uma testemunha, combinadas com as duas espécies de gramíneas (B. decumbens cv. Basilisk e P. maximum cv. Mombaça). Conclui-se que aplicações foliares de Si promoveram acréscimos na produção de matéria seca de P. maximum no segundo e terceiro cortes. As aplicações foliares de Si proporcionaram maior absorção de silício nas duas espécies estudadas, especialmente no segundo e terceiro corte. As fontes de Si testadas (rocksil, silicato de potássio ou silicato de cálcio) não diferiram entre si, quanto à capacidade de fornecimento de Si adicionado via foliar. Palavras-chave: Brachiaria decumbens, Panicum maximum, nutrição, micronutriente, rendimento AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sources of silicon on the agronomic traits and on Si content on B. decumbens cv. Brasilisk and P. maximum, cv. Mombaça cultivated in a B horizon soil collected from a Latosol at the "Zona da Mata Mineira", Brazil. The experimental design was a completely randomized block in a 4 x 2 factorial, with four replications. Treatments consisted of three sources of silicon (sodium silicate, rocksil and potassium silicate, with doses of 40 g L -1 of Si) and a control, all combined with two forage grass species (B. decumbens cv, Basilisk and P. maximum cv. Mombaça). Results showed that Si sprayed on leaves promoted increase in dry biomass content in the second and third harvests of P. maximum. Foliar fertilization with Si also increased silicon absorption in both species, especially in the second and third harvests. The three silicon sources did not differ among them, as a source of silicon applied on leaves.
RESUMO -O teste de comprimento de plântulas possui vantagens significativas para a avaliação do vigor de sementes. Além do baixo custo, não há necessidade de equipamentos sofisticados, nem recursos humanos altamente especializados e os resultados são obtidos rapidamente. Contudo, temse notado a presença de plântulas com hipocótilos grossos e curtos na realização deste teste quando conduzido com 20 sementes de soja, o que pode interferir nos resultados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do tamanho da amostra (20 e 10 sementes), diâmetro do rolo de germinação (três diâmetros) e tamanho das sementes (peneiras 12, 13 e 14) sobre os resultados do teste de comprimento de plântulas de soja. Neste teste, realizado com 20 sementes, a disposição das sementes em duas fileiras, o diâmetro do rolo de germinação e o tamanho das sementes interferiram nos resultados do teste. No teste conduzido com 10 sementes tais efeitos não foram observados, indicando que tal metodologia favorece a reprodutibilidade dos resultados.Termos para indexação: metodologia; comprimento de plântulas; soja INFLUENCE OF THE SEED ARRANGEMENT, NUMBER AND SIZE OF SOYBEAN SEED ON SEELING LENGTH TESTABSTRACT -The seedling length testing is a good methodology for seed vigor evaluation. It´s low cost, no need of sophisticated equipments, neither human resource very specialized associated with quick results has made it very popular. However, it has been observed presence of seedlings with short and tickly hypcotil, when conduced with 20 soybean seeds, which it may interfere in the results. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of sample size (10 and 20 seeds), germination roll diameters (three diameters) and seeds size (sieves 12, 13 and 14) on the results of the soybean seedling length. In this study, tests with 20 seeds per germination roll, with seeds arrangement in two rows, the diameter of the germination roll and the seeds size interfered in the results. However, the test with 10 seeds per germination roll did not affect the results, indicating that this favors the result reproducibility.
Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o fluxo gênico recíproco entre duas cultivares de soja, uma tolerante e outra sensível ao glifosato, além de aplicar estimadores para determinar a taxa de fecundação cruzada na população e o número de sementes híbridas na progênie. O experimento compôs-se de quatro blocos com 40 fileiras de soja, com 20 fileiras de cada cultivar (CD217 e CD219RR). No estádio R8, cinco fileiras, distantes 0,5, 1, 2, 4 e 8 m da cultivar adjacente, foram colhidas, trilhadas e analisadas quanto à ocorrência de fluxo gênico. Como características marcadoras, foram utilizadas as cores da flor, hipocótilo e pubescência, e a tolerância ao glifosato. As cultivares contrastam quanto às características analisadas, cada uma condicionada por um gene com dois alelos, em interação de dominância completa. Na progênie da cultivar tolerante, a maior taxa de híbridos encontrada foi 0,27% e, na progênie da cultivar sensível, identificou-se 0,83%; pela hipótese do efeito diluição, as taxas de hibridação natural populacional seriam 0,104 e 0,388%, respectivamente. O fluxo gênico recíproco entre as cultivares CD217 e CD219RR não é o mesmo em ambas as direções. Os estimadores propostos são úteis para determinar a taxa de híbridos em amostras de sementes.Termos para indexação: Glycine max, fecundação cruzada, tolerância ao glifosato, OGM. Reciprocal gene flow between conventional and genetically modified soybean cultivarsAbstract -The objective of this work was to determine the reciprocal gene flow between two soybean cultivars, one tolerant and the other sensitive to glyphosate, as well as to use estimators to determine the outcrossing rate in the population and the number of hybrid seeds in the progeny. The experiment was composed of four blocks of 40 soybean rows, of which 20 rows of each cultivar (CD217 and CD219RR). At the R8 stage, five rows, distant 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 m from the adjacent cultivar, were harvested, threshed and analyzed as for the occurrence of gene flow. As phenotypical markers, the trait color of flowers, hypocotil and pubescence, as well as the tolerance to glyphosate were used. The cultivars contrast for all the analyzed traits, each one conditioned by a single gene with two alleles, in a complete dominance interaction. In the tolerant cultivar progeny, the largest outcross rate was 0.27%, and in the sensitive cultivar progeny, 0.83% was identified; by the dilution effect hypothesis, the outcross rates in natural populations would be 0.104 and 0.388%, respectively. The reciprocal gene flow between CD217 and CD219RR cultivars is not the same in both directions. The proposed estimators are useful for determining the hybrid rates in seed samples.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.