The Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) networks contain computers and applications that perform key functions in providing essential services and commodities to citizens such as electricity, natural gas, crude oil and refined petroleum products, waste-water treatment and transportation. This paper looks at SCAD architecture and functions to industrial control system (ICS) as well its security threats, vulnerabilities and attacks that could prevent SCADA from delivering these functions especially in Nigeria. This paper finally recommended far-reaching holistic solutions to the various SCADA's security challenges.
The IEEE 802.15.4 specification has enabled low-power, low-cost and smart wireless sensor networks (WSNs) capable of robust and reliable multi-hop communications. By January 2005, an International Oil and Gas Company (IOC), Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC), became the first multinational Oil and Gas Company operating in the Nigeria Niger Delta region to switch from wired to wireless sensor technology eliminating the need for cables thereby allowing data collection in remote, swampy areas and enabling new applications. However, there are concerns related to the use of these smart wireless sensor networks such as reliability, standardization, energy consumption and general operational, data and physical security issues especially in the monitoring of mission-critical oil and gas installations and infrastructure such as pipelines, oil wells, oil rigs and flow stations in a region characterized by rampant vandalisation and sabotage of oil pipelines and other oil installations by militants and oil thieves. High cases of vandalisation of oil and gas pipelines and other oil installations were identified even when there is evidence of wireless sensor deployment. This paper introduced practical deployment architectures and mechanisms that can secure oil facilities and the wireless sensors from being physically attacked so that they can successfully monitor and report incidences of pipeline and equipment vandalisation easily and on time while at the same time maintain data security of the WSN.
Abstract-In January 2012, the Nigeria Apex Bank, CentralBank of Nigeria (CBN) rolled out guidelines for the transition of Nigeria's mainly cash-based economy and payment system to cashless and electronic payment (e-payment) system ending over 50 years of mainly cash-based operated economy and payment system. This announcement elicited mixed reactions firstly excitement due to the enormous benefits this transition will impact on Nigeria economy and at the same time elicited panic due to unpreparedness of the economy to transit successfully to electronic payment in a system hitherto filled with bobby trap of security challenges. Ten months later after the introduction of the policy, only a handful of the major stakeholders are fully compliant mainly because of the complexity and the high prohibitive cost of implementation of CBN adopted security framework, the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS). This paper surveys the security challenges facing the full implementation of the cashless epayment policy of Nigeria and at the end introduced an enhanced modified security framework for Nigeria's cashless economy that may be easier and cheaper to implement by the majority of the stakeholders after studying the loopholes in the current Nigeria epayment system models.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.