SCADA for National Critical Infrastructures: Review of the Security Threats, Vulnerabilities and Countermeasures

Obodoeze, Fidelis C.; Obiokafor, Ifeyinwa Nkemdilim; Asogwa, Tochukwu Chijindu

doi:10.31142/ijtsrd9556

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Strengthening cybersecurity measures is imperative as Nigeria moves towards a cashless economy because it's a critical defence against fraud in digital payment systems and cyber threats [6], and [43]. Resilient cybersecurity measures aid in defending against cyber threats and fraud, thereby guaranteeing the security and integrity of digital payment transactions, as claimed by [39] and [15].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, poor organizational systems, security risks, and hazards make the shift from a cash-dominated economic environment to a cashless economy even more difficult as technology becomes more ubiquitous with interconnected and interdependent facilities. The reliance on digital transactions exposes individuals, businesses, and financial systems to cyberattacks, fraud, and data breaches, which remains a major anxiety [43]. Adopting a cashless economy will require ensuring the strength of security measures and fostering public confidence in digital payment systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Approaches to a secure, sustainable, and diversified Nigerian economy in a cashless society

Ifeyinwa Nkemdilim Obiokafor

2023

World J. Adv. Res. Rev.

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The pervasive reliance on cybersecurity innovations by enterprise organizations for secure electronic file-sharing networks across all business transactions is critical to realizing Nigeria's sustainable diversified economy (SDE) for long-term economic growth. According to the literature, people are increasingly moving away from using cash for transactions as a result of technological advances, with only 32% of payments involving cash in the United States, 53% in the Middle East, Africa, and Nigeria, and a comparably low 58% identifying going cashless as their preferred option. Although card payments are widely preferred worldwide, Nigerians continue to be among the most likely people to keep money in their homes rather than adopting the ongoing cashless trend; the estimated percentage of cash that is kept outside of the banking system relative to the total amount of cash in circulation in the Nigerian economy is 85%. Poor organizational systems, enterprises, risks, and security threats further impede the transition from a cash-dominated economy to a cashless economy. In the age of cashless transactions, this study outlines tactics for a safe, diversified, and sustainable Nigerian economy. The conceptual framework for this study was chosen to be the security of Enterprise Information Systems (EIS). The author conducted a narrative review of previous studies and peer-reviewed articles published in the last five years, and the findings provided important insights into how to manage information security systems for organizations in a cashless economy. The findings suggest that effective adherence to security policies, control over policy enforcement, and enterprise definitions to leverage a sustainable, diverse economy can prevent or mitigate organizational security issues. The study's conclusions broaden appropriate security management procedures and preventative measures for Nigeria's transition to cashless transactions

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaches to a secure, sustainable, and diversified Nigerian economy in a cashless society

Ifeyinwa Nkemdilim Obiokafor

2023

World J. Adv. Res. Rev.

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“…These electromechanical complex systems respond to real-time data acquisition, system monitoring and automatic control and management of industrial processes [2]. Today, many nations and organizations' critical infrastructures rely on and are driven by ICS controllers to render control functions [3]. Currently, modern society controlled ICS processes include petroleum and gas refining [4], pipelines and distribution [5], electrical energy generation, transmission and distribution [6], water treatment and distribution [7] [8], chemical processing, pharmaceutical, food and beverage production, railway transportation and air traffic control [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Presently there is a very high rate of vulnerability and cyber-attacks globally on ICS, some of these threats and attacking agents include terrorist network groups, dissatisfied employees, hostile governments and other malicious intruders [14]. Cyberattacks consequences are very devastating with effects ranging from disruption or damage to critical infrastructural operations [15,3] to significant effect on public health, safety, and destruction of lives and properties [14]. An in-depth understanding of the vulnerabilities, threats, and attacks are crucial to the defense mechanisms and security methodologies of any ICS environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2020

Int. j. comput. eng. inf. technol.

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Cyber-security of digital industrial control system in reality is complex and challenging research area, due to various interconnections of electro-mechanical related components driving national critical infrastructures. These networked system components performs monitoring and controlling tasks in several industries and organization through the access of Internet connectivity across the world. More recently, there are myriad of security threats and attacks by malicious elements on ICS which now presents a priority to organizations and researchers for optimal security solutions. Development of the Internet and communication systems has also exacerbated such security concerns. Activities of cyber-attacks malicious elements on ICS may result in serious disaster in industrial environments, human casualties and loss. This paper critically looks at the SCADA/industrial control systems, architecture, cyber-attacks.. Other aspect of the paper examines current ICS security technologies including a computational secured algorithm for PLC.

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“…As the industrial infrastructures converge with the digital world and expand their capabilities to meet the ever-increasing stakeholders' pressures, their protection mechanisms need to be in tune with its new architecture. (Obodoeze et al, 2018). The challenge is that with the introduction of automated control and management, ICS security inherits the vulnerability challenges of remotely accessible systems.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cyber-Security in the New Era of Integrated Operational – Informational Technology Systems

Savin¹

2021

BEMAN

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Digital Revolution has forced previously isolated networks of critical infrastructures to become more digitally integrated. Recent cyber-attacks, including Stuxnet and Wiper, have exposed a new set of cybersecurity vulnerabilities in this field. This new environment has forced previously isolated networks of critical infrastructures like utilities or power plants to become more digitally integrated. This paper offers a view into the most efficient current defense solutions. It also offers a glimpse into the need for the further development of new protection mechanisms developed on the emerging new technologies. The risks posed by the integration of Information Technology solutions with Operational Technology systems have been a key topic also at the latest World Economic Forum conference, where cyber-attacks of critical infrastructures were discussed in the context of the most significant risks for the upcoming decade. The findings of this paper are applicable to other industries. The paper aims to highlight that by initially understanding the vulnerabilities of the IT components and by taking the right cybersecurity preventive measures, critical infrastructure can be protected against these kinds of threats. The research framework behind this paper was directed towards analysing the cyber risks associated with the convergence between the Information Technology solutions with the Operational Technology systems of critical infrastructure.

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SCADA for National Critical Infrastructures: Review of the Security Threats, Vulnerabilities and Countermeasures

Cited by 6 publications

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Approaches to a secure, sustainable, and diversified Nigerian economy in a cashless society

Approaches to a secure, sustainable, and diversified Nigerian economy in a cashless society

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Cyber-Security in the New Era of Integrated Operational – Informational Technology Systems

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