Dryland has the potential to increase agricultural production, by increasing the cropping index. The main problem of dryland is the availability of water which depends on rainfall. Groundwater can be an alternative option to meet the availability of water in the dryland. This study aimed to determine the cropping pattern and increase of cropping index supported by groundwater irrigation in the dryland. The research was conducted in the dryland of Playen, Gunungkidul, Special Region of Yogyakarta, supported by groundwater irrigation. This research used a combination of survey, interview and plot demonstration methods. Surveys and interviews were conducted to determine the condition of cultivation and profit in the first and third growing seasons. The plot demonstration, to increase the rice cropping index from 1 to 2, was applied in the second growing season. The results showed that rice productivity in the first growing season was 5.215 ton ha<sup>-1</sup>, with a profit of 12,288,000 IDR ha<sup>-1</sup> and B/C of 1.28. In the second growing season, Sidenuk productivity was 8.025 ton ha<sup>-1</sup>, with the dry straw of 8.049 ton ha<sup>-1</sup>, grain carbon of 3.471 ton ha<sup>-1</sup> and straw carbon of 3.723 ton ha<sup>-1</sup>, higher than those of Situbagendit, but comparable those of Inpari-42, with a profit of 20,700,000 IDR ha<sup>-1</sup> and B/C of 1.54. Rice contributed to higher biomass, carbon and profit than groundnut. In the third growing season, groundnut productivity was 2.026 ton ha<sup>-1</sup>, with a profit of 15,572,000 IDR ha<sup>-1</sup> and B/C of 1.78. Groundwater irrigation can support the increase in the cropping index on dryland and intensify agricultural production as well.
Salah satu komoditas hortikultura yang memiliki nilai ekonomi yang tinggi adalah bawang merah. Produksi bawang merah nasional yang masih rendah disebabkan karena rentannya bawang merah terhadap cuaca, hama dan penyakit, bawang merah juga gampang rusak dan mengalami susut bobot tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan produksi umbi bawang merah varietas Bima Brebes pada dua jenis lahan dengan perbedaan tingkat kemasaman tanah. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Instalasi Penelitian dan Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Banyakan, Bantul, Yogyakarta pada bulan Maret-Mei 2022. Dua jenis lahan dengan perbedaan tingkat kemasaman diamati pengaruhnya terhadap hasil umbi bawang merah, yaitu Lahan dengan pH netral (N), dan Lahan dengan pH tanah bersifat masam (M). Pengamatan meliputi berat umbi basah per tanaman, jumlah umbi per tanaman, produksi per m2 dan produksi per hektar dengan menggunakan 24 tanaman sampel untuk setiap perlakuan dan diuji dengan menggunakan uji t. Rerata berat umbi basah pada lahan dengan pH netral sebesar 68,2 g/tanaman nyata lebih tinggi dibandingkan tanah dengan sifat masam yang hanya mencapai 47 g/tanaman. Demikian pula jumlah umbi bawang merah pada lahan dengan pH netral sebanyak 9,25 umbi nyata lebih tinggi dibandingkan tanah dengan sifat masam yang hanya mencapai 7,25 umbi. pH tanah mempengaruhi keseimbangan hara dan ketersediaannya untuk tanaman. Pada tanah yang bersifat masam beberapa hara menjadi berkurang kelarutannya dalam tanah dan tidak tersedia bagi tanaman. Sebaliknya pada pH tanah yang netral sebagian besar hara dalam keadaan tersedia bagi tanaman sehingga memungkinkan tanaman menyerap hara lebih optimal yang berpengaruh pada proses fotosintesis dan pembentukan umbi bawang merah
Udipsamment is characterized by sand fraction > 95%, loose, and very high leaching. This study aimed to determine the effect of mineral soil ameliorants and adhesive polymers on the character of nutrient leaching in Udipsamment. The leaching study in lysimeters used a completely randomized design with three replications. The treatments consist of bagasse (B), mineral soil included Inceptisol (I) and Vertisol (V), and adhesive polymers included tapioca 1% and 2% (T1 and T2), tapioca dregs 1% and 2 % (A1 and A2), Polyvinylalcohol 0.1% and 0.2% (P1 and P2). Combination of treatments are IB, VB, IBT1, IBT2, VBT1, VBT2, IBA1, IBA2, VBA1 , VBA2 , IBP1, I BP2, VBP1, and VBP2. Observations were made before and after leaching. The research showed that VBT2 increases moisture-holding capacity. Amelioration improved the ability of Udipsamment to hold nutrients, after leaching for six months, there was a decrease in organic C, total N, and available P compared to before leaching. Amelioration increased the soil CEC, even up to the sixth month leaching, the soil CEC showed a higher value than before leaching. The amount of clay fraction was relatively uniform between the surface and the bottom of the lysimeter, indicating that the adhesive polymer successfully bonding the clay-sand particles and prevented clay leaching.
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