The use of adaptive soybean cultivars with appropriate planting time on dry land can enhance the improvement of soybean growth and yield. This study aimed to determine changes in leaf physiological character and soybean yield as affected by different planting time and superior soybean cultivars. The experiment was conducted on the dry land of Inceptisol in Gunungkidul from November 2018 to March 2019. The experiment was arranged in a Split Plot Design with the main plot arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three (3) replications. The main plots consisted of three planting times, i.e. early planting time–<em>Pranoto Mongso</em>, midldle planting time–Farmer Method and late planting–<em>Katam Terpadu</em>. The subplots consisted of four soybean cultivars, namely Anjasmoro, Argomulyo, Grobogan and Dega-1. The fertilizers used were organic fertilizer (2 t ha^-1), Urea (50 kg ha^-1) and KCl (50 kg ha^-1). The results showed that the treatment of planting time and cultivar could increase leaf physiological activity, particularly the number of leaves, total leaf area, leaf area index and plant growth rate. Early planting time–<em>Pranoto Mongso</em> and middle planting time–Farmers Method produced higher plant dry weight (20.11 g; 24.21 g) and seed yields per plant (29.11 g; 26.75 g) than late planting (<em>Katam Terpadu</em>) did (20.30 g). Meanwhile, cultivar Dega-1 had higher seed yields per plant (30.11 g) than cultivar Grobogan (28.39 g), Argomulyo (23.35 g) and Anjasmoro (19.79 g) did.

Intercropping is an attempt to plant several types of crops on the land at the same time, arranged in such a way in a row of plants. Planting in this way can be done on two types of plants that are relatively different old. The application of Rice-Corn intercropping was carried out in Playen District of Gunungkidul. Rice seed was used Sidenuk and Inpari 42 varieties then planted at distance of 40 cm x 20 x 12.5 cm (Tajarwo 2:1). The corn seed used Pioneer 35 and they are planted at 60 cm x 25 cm. The purpose of this research is to examine the application of intercropping rice-corn compared to monoculture cultivation on the aspects of soil nutrients status, affects intercropping on both crops yield and feassibility analisys of the intercropping farming on the two different agricultural system. The results of study show that on intercropping pattern rice yield can reach 5.19 to 5.85 ton ha-1 and dry corn shells from 5.43 to 6.28 tons ha-1 and quite profitable with a B/C ratio of 2.68 and R/C ratio of 3.12 compared to rice or corn monoculture planting patterns alone with B/C ratios of 1.24 and 1.88, respectively

Dryland has the potential to increase agricultural production, by increasing the cropping index. The main problem of dryland is the availability of water which depends on rainfall. Groundwater can be an alternative option to meet the availability of water in the dryland. This study aimed to determine the cropping pattern and increase of cropping index supported by groundwater irrigation in the dryland. The research was conducted in the dryland of Playen, Gunungkidul, Special Region of Yogyakarta, supported by groundwater irrigation. This research used a combination of survey, interview and plot demonstration methods. Surveys and interviews were conducted to determine the condition of cultivation and profit in the first and third growing seasons. The plot demonstration, to increase the rice cropping index from 1 to 2, was applied in the second growing season. The results showed that rice productivity in the first growing season was 5.215 ton ha^-1, with a profit of 12,288,000 IDR ha^-1 and B/C of 1.28. In the second growing season, Sidenuk productivity was 8.025 ton ha^-1, with the dry straw of 8.049 ton ha^-1, grain carbon of 3.471 ton ha^-1 and straw carbon of 3.723 ton ha^-1, higher than those of Situbagendit, but comparable those of Inpari-42, with a profit of 20,700,000 IDR ha^-1 and B/C of 1.54. Rice contributed to higher biomass, carbon and profit than groundnut. In the third growing season, groundnut productivity was 2.026 ton ha^-1, with a profit of 15,572,000 IDR ha^-1 and B/C of 1.78. Groundwater irrigation can support the increase in the cropping index on dryland and intensify agricultural production as well.

One of the strategies to increase the rice self-sufficiency is by improving the rice crop index (IP) in rainfed field areas. This paper aims to obtain the areas for IP development based on agroclimate information on the rainfed fields in Gunungkidul. The methodology of research was based on descriptive analysis, surveys and interviews involving farmers, researchers, agricultural officers, and village officials. We performed field surveys and interviews in 2016 and 2017. The surveys were carried out by identification and verification of the water sources for agriculture, determination of the appropriate water infrastructure, and determination of the areas affected by rice cultivation development. The results showed that the determination of the beginning of planting season could refer the Modern Integrated Planting Calendar (KATAM) and the estimation of the start of the rainy season by the local meteorological office (BMKG). We estimated that as many of 2,111 ha was suitable for IP 200 development, which may raise the potency of rice production to 10,058 tons (increased by 5.10%). On other hand, the IP 300 only covers the rainfed field areas of 687 ha, which has a potential rice production of 3,294 tons (increased by 1.67%). Further identification and verification are needed regarding the potency of water sources. This will determine which types of proper water infrastructure that must be provided for support the development of IP, hence the national rice self-sufficiency.