The aim of this study was to compare the clinical performance of a self-etching primer (SEP) with a conventional two-step etch and primer [conventional method (CM)]. The chair time required for bonding was also evaluated. Thirty-seven patients (14 males and 23 females) with a mean age of 16 years 5 months were included in the study. Six hundred and seventy-two brackets were bonded by one operator using a split-mouth design, with either SEP (Transbond Plus) or CM (Transbond XT). Bracket failure rates were estimated with respect to bonding procedure, dental arch, type of tooth (incisor, canine, and premolar), and gender. The results were evaluated using the chi-square test. The survival rate of the brackets was estimated with Kaplan-Meier analysis. Bracket survival distributions with respect to bonding procedure, dental arch, type of tooth, and patient gender were compared with a log-rank test. Bond failure interface was determined with the adhesive remnant index (ARI). The failure rates were 0.6 per cent for both bonding procedures. The failure and survival rates did not show significant differences between the bonding procedures, upper and lower dental arches, or gender. However, premolar brackets displayed a higher bond failure rate and a lower survival rate than incisor and canine brackets (P < 0.05). The mean bracket bonding time per tooth with SEP was significantly shorter than with CM (P < 0.001). No significant difference was observed for the ARI scores (P > 0.05). The results of this in vivo, randomized, cross-mouth clinical trial demonstrated a high survival rate with Transbond Plus. This finding indicates that SEP can be effectively used for bonding of orthodontic brackets.

Objective:To compare the clinical performance of a self-etching primer (SEP) with a conventional two-step etch and primer method (CM). Materials and Methods: Study subjects were 39 patients with a mean age of 15 years 7 months. Six hundred and eighty-eight brackets were bonded by one operator with a split-mouth design, using Transbond Plus Self-Etching Primer or a conventional two-step etch and primer (Transbond XT). The survival rate of the brackets was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier analysis. Bracket survival distributions with respect to bonding procedure, dental arch, type of tooth (incisor, canine, and premolar) and patients' gender were compared using the log-rank test. Bond failure interface was determined using the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI). Results: The bond failure rates of SEP and CM were 4.7% and 1.7%, respectively. A significant difference was found between the bonding procedures using the log-rank test (P Ͻ .05). Furthermore, canine and premolar teeth displayed a lower survival rate than incisor teeth (P Ͻ .05). Survival rates did not show significant differences between the upper and lower dental arches and patients' gender (P Ͼ .05). No significant difference was observed for ARI scores (P Ͼ .05). Conclusion: These findings indicate that the SEP (Transbond Plus) can be effectively used to bond orthodontic brackets.

SEP (Transbond Plus) may produce clinically acceptable bracket bonding after 5, 15, and 30 minutes from time of placement on the teeth, even with light and heavy saliva contamination.

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The facial profile was improved and space was obtained to solve the maxillary anterior crowding with premaxillary advancement through DO.

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SUMMARY:A fold of tissue, the lingual frenulum, extends onto the inferior surface of the tongue from near the base of the tongue on midline. The shape, length and alignment of lingual frenulum vary between individuals. The aim of this study is to evaluate morphology of lingual frenulum with respect to gender. Ninety seven volunteers who were students and employees of Zonguldak Karaelmas University, School of Medicine participated in the study. Two individuals with a history of hepatitis and 20 individuals with inadequate photographs were excluded from the study. Morphometric analyses were performed on the photographs of 75 volunteers (36 men, 39 women). Lingual frenulum photograph of each individual was taken using standard photographic techniques. The individual opened his/her mouth as much as possible with the tongue in contact with the interior surface of the two middle incisors. The morphology of the lingual frenulum was evaluated with linear measurements and geometric morphometrics methods. The length of lingual frenulum between the attachments of it, to the floor of the mouth and the inferior surface of the tongue were measured using Digimizer software. Four reference points determined previously were marked by tpsDig2 software on photographs. This process was repeated for each sample to create a txt file containing reference points of 75 individuals. Statistical analysis of txt files were carried out using Morpheus software. There were no statistically significant differences between the linear measurements of lingual frenulum according to gender (p>0.05). Lingual frenulum had no gender differences according to geometric morphometrics analysis as well (p>0.05). It can be suggested that lingual frenulum had similar architecture in both sexes.

Objective: To evaluate the initial shear bond strengths (SBSs) of ceramic brackets using either a self-etching primer (SEP) or the conventional method (CM) after intracoronal bleaching with sodium perborate and distilled water. Methods: Eighty human incisors were divided into four groups according to bleaching and bonding procedures: Group 1, bleaching was not applied and the brackets were bonded with a self-etching primer; Group 2, bleaching was not applied and the brackets were bonded with the conventional method; Group 3, intracoronal bleaching with sodium perborate was applied for three weeks and the brackets were bonded with a self-etching primer; and Group 4, intracoronal bleaching with sodium perborate was applied for three weeks and the brackets were bonded with the conventional method. A self-etching primer (Transbond Plus) was applied as recommended by the manufacturer. After SEP application, the ceramic brackets were bonded with a light-curing adhesive (Transbond XT). For the conventional method, the teeth were etched with 37% phosphoric acid. After etching, a thin uniform coat of primer (Transbond XT Primer) was applied and the ceramic brackets were bonded with a light-curing adhesive (Transbond XT). SBSs were measured after water storage for 30 days, after 1000 cycles of thermocycling between 5°C and 55°C. Bond failure location was determined with the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI). Results: For the SEP method, there was no significant difference between SBS values of the bleaching and non-bleaching groups. Furthermore, for the conventional method, the SBS value of the non-bleaching group was not significantly different from that of the bleaching group. SBS values of the SEP method presented significant differences from those of the conventional method (p<0.001). SBS values of SEP application decreased with and without bleaching. The ARI scores did not show any significant difference among the groups (p=0.174). Conclusion: Intracoronal bleaching with sodium perborate and distilled water did not affect the SBS values of ceramic brackets.