The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between variations of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity and septal deviation (SD). Coronal and axial paranasal sinus CT images of 115 individuals (65 females, 50 males) were reviewed and the presence of pneumatisation and hypertrophy of the conchae was evaluated. Pneumatisation of the concha was classified as lamellar concha bullosa (LCB), bulbous concha bullosa (BCB), or extensive concha bullosa (ECB). If bulbous and extensive conchae and hypertrophic conchae were bilateral the side on which it was greatest was accepted as the dominant concha. The relationship between these variations and nasal septum deviation was also taken into account. Eighty-six (74.8%) of the 115 subjects had SD. Of these, 20 were not affected by the size of the middle nasal concha (MNC) or inferior nasal concha (INC). Thirty-four cases had dominant MNC, 20 had dominant INC, and 11 had both dominant MNC and dominant INC, and all of which had SD towards the opposite side. In one case there was SD towards the side in which the MNC was dominant. Our data indicate that coexistence of pneumatisation or hypertrophy of the conchae and SD was more common in adults compared to the results of similar studies conducted with a wide range of age groups, including children. Thus the presence of SD together with a large concha increases with age. A prospective study, which will include infants, will elucidate the relationship between conchae and SD.
SUMMARY:A fold of tissue, the lingual frenulum, extends onto the inferior surface of the tongue from near the base of the tongue on midline. The shape, length and alignment of lingual frenulum vary between individuals. The aim of this study is to evaluate morphology of lingual frenulum with respect to gender. Ninety seven volunteers who were students and employees of Zonguldak Karaelmas University, School of Medicine participated in the study. Two individuals with a history of hepatitis and 20 individuals with inadequate photographs were excluded from the study. Morphometric analyses were performed on the photographs of 75 volunteers (36 men, 39 women). Lingual frenulum photograph of each individual was taken using standard photographic techniques. The individual opened his/her mouth as much as possible with the tongue in contact with the interior surface of the two middle incisors. The morphology of the lingual frenulum was evaluated with linear measurements and geometric morphometrics methods. The length of lingual frenulum between the attachments of it, to the floor of the mouth and the inferior surface of the tongue were measured using Digimizer software. Four reference points determined previously were marked by tpsDig2 software on photographs. This process was repeated for each sample to create a txt file containing reference points of 75 individuals. Statistical analysis of txt files were carried out using Morpheus software. There were no statistically significant differences between the linear measurements of lingual frenulum according to gender (p>0.05). Lingual frenulum had no gender differences according to geometric morphometrics analysis as well (p>0.05). It can be suggested that lingual frenulum had similar architecture in both sexes.
Objectives: Traube's space, used to detect spleen enlargement, is at the precordial area on the anterior wall of the chest. In this respect, correct assessment of this area during physical examination is very important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the area of Traube's space by percussion that is known to be sensitive and specific over 70% and assess effects of gender and defecation habit on the space area.Methods: Thirty-four males and 32 females participated in the study, examined by the same physician. Traube's space was determined on the chest wall by percussion. Images of Traube's space were drawn on a transparent paper using certain reference points for each participant. All images were scanned and measurements were done by AutoCAD 2004 software. Weight and height of the individuals were also measured and their defecation information for the morning they participated in the study was also inquired. Results:In the males, weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and Traube's space values were significantly higher than those of females (p<0.05). There was a positive, strong and significant correlation between Traube's space and weight and height for the whole study group (p<005). There were no statistically significant differences between these two groups when morning defecation was considered (p>0.05). Conclusion:The results of this study may be useful for the evaluation of Traube's space and spleen enlargement during physical examination.
Günümüzde hem temel hem de klinik branşlarda kalbin damarlarının adlandırılmasında farklı terminolojiler kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, kalbin venlerinin tanımlanması için kullanılan "coronaria" teriminin kullanımındaki ve kalbin sol ana veninin oluşumunun tarif edilmesindeki farklılıklarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Ça lış ma pla nı: Çalışmamızda 1951-2007 yılları arasında yayınlanan 32 kaynak kitap ve beş anatomi atlası incelendi. Ek olarak, 1895-1985 tarihlerini kapsayan "Nomina Anatomica" ve 1998 yılında yayınlanan Terminologia Anatomica'da yer alan terimler değerlendirildi. Bul gu lar: Kalbin venleri için kullanılan "coronaria" teriminin kaynak kitaplarda farklı şekillerde adlandırıldıkları saptandı. Bazı kaynaklarda "v. cardiaca (cordis) magna ve parva" terminolojisinin eskiden kullanıldığı belirtilirken, farklı bazı kaynak kitaplarda ise her iki terminolojiye de yer verilmiştir. Bunun yanında kimi kaynaklarda ise "vena coronaria" ifadesi hiç yer almamaktadır. Anatomi atlasları da bu damarları "vena coronaria" olarak göstermemektedir. Ayrıca kalbin sol ana veninin oluşumunun tarif edilmesinde farklılıklarla da karşılaştık. So nuç: Kalbin venleri için kullanılan bu terminoloji (coronaria) ve venlerin oluşumunun tarif edilmesindeki farklılıklar hem eğitmenlerin hem de öğrencilerin ikilemde kalmasına yol açmaktadır. Aynı terminoloji kullanmak eğitim açısından büyük önem arz etmektedir. Anah tar söz cük ler: Anatomi; coronaria; kalp; terminoloji. Background:Currently, different terminology is used for the vessels of the heart in both clinical and basic branches of medicine. This study aims to evaluate the differences in the usage of the term "coronaria" which is used for describing the veins of heart and in the description of the formation of the left main vein of the heart. Methods: In our study, 32 textbooks and five anatomy atlases which were published between 1951-2007 were examined. Furthermore, the terms which were used in "Nomina Anatomica" published between 1895-1985 and in Terminologia Anatomica published in 1998 were evaluated. Results: We discovered that the term "coronaria" which was used for the veins of heart was named in different ways in different textbooks. Some books state that the terms "vena cardiaca (cordis) magna and parva" were used in the past, but some different textbooks used both terminologies. However some books do not use the term "vena coronaria". Anatomy atlases also do not show these vessels as vena coronaria. We also encountered differences in the description of the formation of the left main vein of the heart. Conclusion:The differences in the terminology (coronaria) which is used for the veins of the heart and the differences in describing the formation of veins cause a dilemma both for the instructors and for the students. Using the same terminology is very important for education.
No abstract
Abstract:Objective: The oblique fi ssure separates the upper lobe from the lower lobe in the left lung and the upper lobe from the lower and middle lobes in the right lung. The aim of the present study was to compare the projection of the oblique fi ssure observed on lateral chest radiographs of retired coal mine workers who had coal worker's pneumoconiosis (CWP) with that of healthy men. Materials and methods:The study included 120 men divided into three groups: retired coal miner patients diagnosed with CWP (group 1), men ≥38 years of age with no CWP (group 2, fi rst control group), and men ≤37 years of age with no CWP (group 3, second control group). The projection of the oblique fi ssure observed on lateral chest radiographs (left side) were evaluated using geometric morphometrics. Geometric morphometric analysis of each sample was performed using 11 pre-specifi ed landmarks designated on X-ray images, using tpsDig2 software. A text fi le containing the landmark coordinates of the 120 samples was created, and the data in the text fi le was statistically analyzed using Morpheus software. Results: The projection of the oblique fi ssure differed signifi cantly between the CWP patients and the control groups (p<0.05). Conclusion:We suggest that the difference in the projection of the oblique fi ssure between men with and without CWP was attributable to a protrusion in the fi ssure caused by nodules that developed in the lungs of coal miners after years of dust inhalation (Tab. 4, Fig. 4, Ref. 30 The International Labor Organization has defi ned pneumoconiosis as the accumulation of dust in the lungs and secondary tissue reactions to its presence (1). Larger inhaled dust particles are retained in the nose, trachea, or large bronchi by respiratory mechanisms. However, dust particles with diameters of 1-5 μm can reach the pulmonary parenchyma. As the dust load in the parenchyma increases with continued dust inhalation, particles accumulate in the alveoli (2).The oblique fi ssure separates the upper lobe from the lower lobe in the left lung and the upper lobe from the lower and middle lobes in the right lung. Lateral examination of the lungs shows that the oblique fi ssure originates at the level of the fourth thoracic vertebra posteriorly and extends forward in an oblique manner in both lungs. Because the left lung is longer than the right lung, the fi ssure extends more vertically on the left (3). The aim of the present study was to compare the projection of the oblique fi ssure on lateral chest radiographs of men who retired from coal mining following the development of coal worker's pneumoconiosis (CWP) and that of healthy control subjects, using geometric morphometrics. Materials and methodsThe study analyzed lateral chest radiographs obtained from 120 men, who were divided into three groups: patients diagnosed with CWP while working in coal mines (group 1; n=62); men ≥38 years of age without CWP (group 2, fi rst control group; n=31); and men ≤37 years of age without CWP (group 3, second control group; n=27).La...
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