No abstract

ProTaper Next files was associated with significantly less extruded apical debris when compared to ProTaper Universal files.

Postoperative pain is a frequent complication associated with root canal treatment, especially during apical instrumentation of tooth with preexisting periradicular inflammation Objectives The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the influence of the instrumentation techniques on the incidence and intensity of postoperative pain in single-visit root canal treatment.Material and Methods Ninety patients with single root/canal and non-vital pulps were included. The patients were assigned into 3 groups according to root canal instrumentation technique used; modified step-back, reciprocal, and rotational techniques. Root canal treatment was carried out in a single visit and the severity of postoperative pain was assessed via 4-point pain intensity scale. All the participants were called through the phone at 12, 24 and 48 h to obtain the pain scores. Data were analyzed through the Kruskal–Wallis test.Results There was significant difference between all groups (p<0.05). The modified step-back technique produced postoperative pain significantly lower than the rotational (p=0.018) and reciprocal (p=0.020) techniques. No difference was found between the reciprocal and rotational techniques (p=0.868). Postoperative pain in the first 12 h period (p=0.763) and in the 24 h period (p=0.147) was not significantly different between the groups. However, the difference in the 48 h period was statistically different between the groups (p=0.040).Conclusion All instrumentation techniques caused postoperative pain. The modified step-back technique produced less pain compared to the rotational and reciprocal techniques.

The aim of this study was to compare the root filling material that remained after retreatment of curved root canals with chloroform and Endosolv R as solvents. The evaluation employed micro-computed tomography (CT) imaging. Thirty-six extracted molar teeth with curved roots were selected. After preparation with ProTaper rotary instruments, the canals were filled with gutta-percha and AH26 sealer. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups according to solvent used (n = 12) as follows: group 1: chloroform; group 2: Endosolv R; group 3: no solvent (negative control). ProTaper Universal Retreatment files were used to remove each root canal filling and then the self-adjusting file was applied for two minutes. Preoperative and postoperative micro-CT images were used to assess the percentage of residual filling material. The mean percentage of residual filling material was quantified. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of percentage volume of residual root canal filling.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the dentinal microcrack formation of ProTaper Universal, ProTaper Next, and WaveOne. Sixty extracted mandibular molars were selected. The mesial roots were resected and randomly divided into four groups (n = 15). The canals were prepared with hand files (group 1), ProTaper Universal (group 2), ProTaper Next (group 3), and WaveOne (group 4) instrument systems. The roots were separated horizontally at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex. Digital images were captured at ×40 magnification using scanning electron microscopy to detect microcrack formation. Statistical analysis was performed by Pearson Chi-square test. The prevalence of microcracks in group 2, group 3, and group 4 were significantly higher when compared to group 1 (p < 0.001). Group 2, group 3, and group 4 demonstrated similar prevalence of microcracks without significant difference (p > 0.05) in all sections. All instruments caused microcracks except for hand file. The highest percentage of microcrack was recorded in 3 mm section for all groups.

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of three different antiseptic mouthrinse solutions on the saliva samples obtained from the individuals, who had high caries activity rate.MethodsThe efficacy of three antiseptic mouthrinses were evaluated in a study with healthy volunteers. The three antiseptic solutions used in this study were 0.1% octenidine dihydrochloride (Octenisept, Schülke&Mayr, UK), 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate (Kloroben, Drogsan, Turkey) and an antimicrobial enzymatic rinse (Biotene, Laclede, Inc, USA). A total of 27 adult volunteer subjects were participated in the study. The subjects were stratified into three balanced group. Then the mouth rinses were used by each group according to the manufacturer’s directions. The subjects were restricted for 60 minutes for food intake after using the prescribed mouthrinse. The saliva samples were collected from the volunteers at 1, 10 and 60 minutes after their usage in tubes. The tubes were kept in +4°C in a fridge till the evaluation. 10−3 and 10−5 dilutions were prepared for each solution and S. mutans were evaluated according to total number of colony forming unit (CFU) per ml. The dilutions were spreaded on the surface of Brucella agar plates for anaerobic incubation for 48 hours. The dilutions were 100, 10−3 and 10−5 of the solutions Kloroben, Biotene, Octenisept, and the time factor were 0, 1, 10 and 60 minutes. The statistical analyses were performed by Duncan and Bonferroni tests.ResultsOctenisept was found to be more effective over S. mutans than the other mouthrinse solutions (P<.05).ConclusionsAll mouthrinse solutions except Biotene were effective on oral microorganisms.

HyFlex CM was associated with significantly less apical extrusion than ProTaper Next.

In this study, we compared the simple methods of skinfolds, ultrasound, and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) against the standard of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in the assessment of body fat in normoactive Turkish male and female university students. We wished to develop new regression equations to more accurately predict percent body fat from skinfolds and ultrasound for this group of individuals. One hundred and four male (age 22.292.5 years; height 1.7790.06 m; mass 74.9910.4 kg) and one hundred and four female (age 21.991.9 years; height 1.6590.06 m; mass 55.697.9 kg) students aged 18Á26 years participated in the study. Analysis of variance and confidence intervals were used to compare mean percent body fat derived from skinfolds, ultrasound, BIA, and DEXA measurements, while intra-class correlation coefficients and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the strength of the relationship between the methods. Bland and Altman plot analysis was used to evaluate the strength of agreement of the three methods with DEXA. Moreover, multiple regression analyses were conducted to develop new regression equations to predict percent body fat from subcutaneous fat thickness measured at three sites. The accuracy of the predictive equations was assessed by a crossvalidation test. Mean percent body fat derived from DEXA (18.596.2% for males, 28.491.3% for females) was found to be significantly (pB0.01) greater than that derived from skinfolds (12.495.5% for males, 20.891.0% for females), ultrasound (12.097.8% for males, 25.091.4% for females), and BIA (13.794.9% for males, 19.291.0% for females) in both males and females. According to the Bland and Altman plot analysis, ultrasound gave the closest results to DEXA for females and males and females combined, whereas BIA gave the closest results to DEXA for males. Skinfolds were the second closest measure to DEXA for all groups. Results of the regression analysis showed that measurement of subcutaneous fat thickness at three sites by skinfolds and ultrasound best predicted percent body fat for males and females respectively. Multiple correlations using three sites simultaneously in the skinfold measurements were r 00.92 (/ ŝ02.4) and r 00.91 (/ ŝ02.8), and in the ultrasound measurements were r 00.93 (/ ŝ02.3) and r00.90 (/ ŝ03.0), for males and females respectively. In conclusion, comparison of the methods revealed that the three techniques could not be used interchangeably in this population. However, with these new regression equations, ultrasound and skinfolds are confirmed to be accurate, portable, and non-invasive tools for use in field studies. As a result, ultrasound can be used accurately on all individuals, regardless of whether they are obese or thin.