Physical activity is a known protective factor, with benefits for both metabolic and psychological aspects of health. Our objective was to verify early and late determinants of physical activity in young adults. A total of 2063 individuals from a birth cohort in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, were studied at the age of 23-25 years. Poisson regression was performed using three models: (1) early model considering birth weight, gestational age, maternal income, schooling and smoking; (2) late model considering individual's gender, schooling, smoking and body mass index; and (3) combined (early + late) model. Physical activity was evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, stratifying the individuals into active or sedentary. The general rate of sedentary behavior in the sample was 49.6%. In the early model, low birth weight (relative risk (RR) = 1.186, confidence interval (95%CI) 1.005-1.399) was a risk factor for sedentary activity. Female gender (RR = 1.379, 95%CI = 1.259-1.511) and poor schooling (RR = 1.126, 95%CI = 1.007-1.259) were associated with sedentary behavior in the late model. In the combined model, only female gender and participant's schooling remained significant. An interaction between birth weight and individual's schooling was found, in which sedentary behavior was more prevalent in individuals born with low birth weight only if they had higher educational levels. Variables of early development and social insertion in later life interact to determine an individual's disposition to practice physical activities. This study may support the theoretical model 'Similarities in the inequalities', in which opposed perinatal backgrounds have the same impact over a health outcome in adulthood when facing unequal social achievement during the life-course.
Adherence to low-salt and low-calorie diets is associated with clinically relevant long-term BP reduction and better hypertension control in a clinical setting.
Introduction: The quick spread of SARS-CoV-2 led to the development of vaccines that are capable of reducing infection and the number of more severe COVID-19 cases. Aim: To assess COVID-19 prevalence among health care workers (HCWs) after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Methods: Cross-sectional study on the prevalence of COVID-19 diagnosis among 7.523 HCWs vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 with Coronavac and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 in a university hospital, in southern Brazil, between January 18, 2021 and March 18, 2021.The variables evaluated were: sex, age, work area, role, source of infection, previous diagnosis of COVID-19, date of vaccine administration, type of vaccine, and need for hospitalization. The statistical analysis used Poisson regression and Fisher's Exact Test with the SPSS software version 25 and level of significance set at 5%. Results: 813 vaccinated HCWs showed symptoms suggestive of COVID-19, and 35.4% (288) who underwent RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 had a detectable result. There was a reduction of 62% in new cases of COVID-19 among HCWs in the institution after seven weeks of the start of the vaccine rollout. Conclusion: Our data suggest that the vaccines used by the institution reduced the number of COVID-19 cases among health care workers, showing the effectiveness of the vaccines.
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