RESUMO -A relação entre atividade física e insatisfação corporal é pouco explorada na literatura. Foi examinada a insatisfação corporal em relação com o nível de atividade física em estudantes adolescentes de escolas públicas de Florianópolis. A amostra foi de 242 estudantes, 109 meninos (14,6±2,8 anos) e 133 meninas (14,3±3 anos). Os instrumentos utilizados foram: questionário de atividades físicas habituais e escala de percepção de silhueta corporal. Quarenta e três por cento dos meninos e 29,4% das meninas são pouco ativos. Sessenta e nove por cento dos meninos e 76,7% das meninas estão insatisfeitos com sua silhueta corporal. Os meninos demonstram uma tendência em aumentar e diminuir sua silhueta, enquanto as meninas demonstram querer diminuir. Não foi encontrada relação entre satisfação com a silhueta corporal e nível de atividade física habitual. Investigar a relação entre atividade física e insatisfação corporal pode auxiliar em pesquisas futuras que verifi quem intervenções terapêuticas com atividade física no tratamento da insatisfação corporal.Palavras chave: insatisfação corporal; atividade física; adolescentes; silhueta corporal. Body Dissatisfaction and Physical Activity in Adolescents from FlorianópolisContinental Region ABSTRACT -The relationship between physical activity and body dissatisfaction is little explored in literature. It was examined the body dissatisfaction and physical activity relationship among adolescents students of public schools from Florianópolis, Brazil. The sample was composed by 242 students, 109 boys (14,6±2,8 years) and 138 girls (14,3±3 years). The instruments used were a habitual physical activities questionnaire and a body silhouette's scale. Forty three per cent of girls and 29,4% of boys are insuffi ciently active. Sixty nine per cent of the boys and 76,7% of the girls are unsatisfi ed with their body silhouette. Boys demonstrate a tendency of both increase and decrease their body silhouette, while girls demonstrate a tendency to decrease their body silhouette. No association was found between satisfaction with body silhoutte and habitual physical activity status. To investigate the relationship between physical activity and body dissatisfaction can be useful for future research that could be verifi ed in the therapeutical interventions with physical activity for the body dissatisfaction treatment.

série de estudos tem sido realizada para compreensão do metabolismo de glicogênio muscular durante o exercício. Estudos clássicos apontaram uma associação entre as reservas iniciais de glicogênio muscular e o tempo de sustentação do esforço. O glicogênio muscular diminui de forma semi-logarítmica em função do tempo, mas a concentração desse substrato não chega a zero, o que sugere a participação de outros mecanismos de fadiga na interrupção do exercício prolongado. Nesse tipo de atividade, a depleção de glicogênio, primeiro, ocorre nas fibras de contração lenta, seguida pela depleção nas de contração rápida. A diminuição na taxa de utilização de glicogênio muscular está sincronicamente ligada ao aumento no metabolismo de gordura, mas o mecanismo fisiológico é pouco compreendido. Estudos recentes sugerem que uma diminuição da insulina durante o exercício limitaria o transporte de glicose pela membrana plasmática, causando um aumento no consumo de ácidos graxos. Alguns estudos têm demonstrado, também, que a própria estrutura do glicogênio muscular pode controlar a entrada de ácidos graxos livres na célula, via proteína quinase. Fisicamente, a molécula de glicogênio se apresenta de duas formas, uma com estrutura molecular menor (aproximadamente, 4,10 5 Da, Proglicogênio) e outra maior (aproximadamente, 10 7 Da, Macroglicogênio). Aparentemente, a forma Proglicogênio é metabolicamente mais ativa no exercício e a Macroglicogênio mais suscetível a aumentar com dietas de supercompensação. Maior concentração de hipoxantinas e amônia no exercício com depleção de glicogênio muscular também foi relatada, mas estudos com melhor controle da intensidade do esforço podem ajudar a elucidar essa questão.Termos de Indexação: glicogênio muscular; hipoxantinas; insulina; metabolismo; exercício.

This study examined the effects of pre-exercise carbohydrate availability on the time to exhaustion for moderate and heavy exercise. Seven men participated in a randomized order in two diet and exercise regimens each lasting 3 days with a 1-week interval for washout. The tests were performed at 50% of the difference between the first (LT 1 ) and second (LT 2 ) lactate breakpoint for moderate exercise (below LT 2 ) and at 25% of the difference between the maximal load and LT 2 for heavy exercise (above LT 2 ) until exhaustion. Forty-eight hours before each experimental session, subjects performed a 90-min cycling exercise followed by 5-min rest periods and a subsequent 1-min cycling bout at 125% VO 2max /1-min rest periods until exhaustion to deplete muscle glycogen. A diet providing 10% (CHO low ) or 65% (CHO mod ) energy as carbohydrates was consumed for 2 days until the day of the experimental test. In the exercise below LT 2 , time to exhaustion did not differ between the CHO mod and the CHO low diets (57.22 ± 24.24 vs 57.16 ± 25.24 min). In the exercise above LT 2 , time to exhaustion decreased significantly from 23.16 ± 8.76 min on the CHO mod diet to 18.30 ± 5.86 min on the CHO low diet (P < 0.05). The rate of carbohydrate oxidation, respiratory exchange ratio and blood lactate concentration were reduced for CHO low only during exercise above LT 2 . These results suggest that muscle glycogen depletion followed by a period of a low carbohydrate diet impairs high-intensity exercise performance.

We examined the effect of acute and chronic sprint interval training (SIT), with or without prior caffeine intake, on levels of exercise-induced inflammatory plasma cytokines [interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α]. Twenty physically-active men ingested either a placebo (n = 10) or caffeine (n = 10) 1 h before each SIT session(13-s × 30-s sprint/15 s of rest) during six training sessions (2 weeks). The early (before, immediately after, and 45 min after the exercise) and late (24 and 48 h after the exercise) cytokine and creatine kinase (CK) responses were analyzed for the first and last training sessions. Plasma IL-6 and IL-10 peaked 45 min after the exercise, and then returned to basal values within 24 h (p < 0.05) in both groups on both occasions (p > 0.05). On both occasions, and for both groups, plasma TNF-α increased from rest to immediately after the exercise and then decreased at 45 min before reaching values at or below basal levels 48 h after the exercise (p < 0.05). Serum CK increased from rest to 24 and 48 h post-exercise in the first training session (p < 0.05), but did not alter in the last training session for the PLA group (p > 0.05). Serum CK was unchanged in both the first and last training sessions for the CAF group (p > 0.05). Two weeks of SIT induced a late decrease in the IL-6/IL-10 ratio (p < 0.05) regardless of caffeine intake, suggesting an improved overall inflammatory status after training. In conclusion, a single session of SIT induces muscle damage that seems to be mitigated by caffeine intake. Two weeks of SIT improves the late SIT-induced muscle damage and inflammatory status, which seems to be independent of caffeine intake.

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of low carbohydrate (CHO) availability on heart rate variability (HRV) responses during moderate and severe exercise intensities until exhaustion. Six healthy males (age, 26.5 +/- 6.7 years; body mass, 78.4 +/- 7.7 kg; body fat %, 11.3 +/- 4.5%; V(O)(2)(max) 39.5 +/- 6.6 mL kg(-1) min(-1)) volunteered for this study. All tests were performed in the morning, after 8-12 h overnight fasting, at a moderate intensity corresponding to 50% of the difference between the first (LT(1)) and second (LT(2)) lactate breakpoints and at a severe intensity corresponding to 25% of the difference between the maximal power output and LT(2). Forty-eight hours before each experimental session, the subjects performed a 90-min cycling exercise followed by 5-min rest periods and subsequent 1-min cycling bouts at 125% V(O)(2)(max) (with 1-min rest periods) until exhaustion, in order to deplete muscle glycogen. A diet providing 10% (CHO(low)) or 65% (CHO(control)) of energy as carbohydrates was consumed for the following 2 days until the experimental test. The Poicaré plots (standard deviations 1 and 2: SD1 and SD2, respectively) and spectral autoregressive model (low frequency LF, and high frequency HF) were applied to obtain HRV parameters. The CHO availability had no effect on the HRV parameters or ventilation during moderate-intensity exercise. However, the SD1 and SD2 parameters were significantly higher in CHO(low) than in CHO(control), as taken at exhaustion during the severe-intensity exercise (P < 0.05). The HF and LF frequencies (ms(2)) were also significantly higher in CHO(low) than in CHO(control) (P < 0.05). In addition, ventilation measured at the 5 and 10-min was higher in CHO(low) (62.5 +/- 4.4 and 74.8 +/- 6.5 L min(-1), respectively, P < 0.05) than in CHO(control) (70.0 +/- 3.6 and 79.6 +/- 5.1 L min(-1), respectively; P < 0.05) during the severe-intensity exercise. These results suggest that the CHO availability alters the HRV parameters during severe-, but not moderate-, intensity exercise, and this was associated with an increase in ventilation volume.

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a produção científica brasileira sobre o Atletismo entre 1999 e 2013. Foram identificados 162 artigos, e selecionados 55 estudos que abordaram o Atletismo como temática principal do estudo. Destes, 43 artigos (78,2%) foram relacionados com a Biodinâmica do Movimento Humano e 12 (21,8%) com a Pedagogia do Movimento. Analisando os estudos selecionados (caraterização a posteriori das análises), 30,9% (17) correspondiam à pesquisas na área de fisiologia do exercício, 20% (11) a lesões no esporte, 10% (6) sobre biomecânica, 7,3% (4) a psicologia do esporte e 7,3% (4) a nutrição esportiva. As áreas com menos pesquisas foram o treinamento esportivo, a iniciação esportiva e a história/sociologia do esporte com 5,5% (3) cada uma. A pedagogia do esporte e do doping, ficaram com a menor proporção de estudos, sendo 3,6% (2) cada uma. Seis estudos não apresentavam uma única modalidade como foco central na investigação, outros 15 enfocaram corridas de fundo e meio-fundo, 8 em corridas de rua e maratonas, 7 em corridas de velocidade, 6 em atletismo paralímpico e, com menor percentual, as provas de salto horizontal, arremessos e lançamentos e o atletismo escolar que tiveram 1 estudo cada. Conclui-se que é importante considerar os critérios de avaliação dos cursos de Pós-Graduação adotados pela CAPES, pois no modo atual o sistema parece limitar a investigação na área da Pedagogia do Movimento. Necessita-se também qualificar a pesquisa sobre o Atletismo no Brasil e desenvolver pesquisas com melhor aporte metodológico (estudos longitudinais, de intervenção, de validação de métodos, de revisão de literatura e qualitativos) bem como melhorar a amostragem e diversificar as investigações em diferentes provas do Atletismo.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a reduced-carbohydrate (reduced-CHO) diet on the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) curve during an incremental test. Nine physically active men performed a progressive incremental test on a cycle ergometer (25 W · 2 min(-1)) after 72 hr on either a control diet (60% CHO) or a reduced-CHO diet (30% CHO). Lactate and RPE thresholds were identified using the Dmax method (DmaxLa and DmaxRPE, respectively). Power output, heart rate and RPE scores in DmaxLa and DmaxRPE were similar between the diets and were not different from each other, regardless of the diet. Lactate values were consistently higher (p < .05) in the control diet compared with the reduced-CHO diet during power output after the lactate breakpoint; however, they were not accompanied by a proportional increase in RPE scores. These results suggest that DmaxRPE and DmaxLa are not dissociated after a short-period reduced-CHO diet, whereas the lactate values after the lactate threshold are reduced with a reduced-CHO diet, although they are not accompanied by alterations in RPE.

We investigated if carbohydrate (CHO) availability could affect the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) after a single supramaximal exercise bout. Five physically active men cycled at 115% of peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2 peak) until exhaustion with low or high pre-exercise CHO availability. The endogenous CHO stores were manipulated by performing a glycogen-depletion exercise protocol 48 h before the trial, followed by 48 h consuming either a low- (10% CHO) or a high-CHO (80% CHO) diet regime. Compared to the low-CHO diet, the high-CHO diet increased time to exhaustion (3.0±0.6 min vs 4.4±0.6, respectively, P=0.01) and the total O2 consumption during the exercise (6.9±0.9 L and 11.3±2.1, respectively, P=0.01). This was accompanied by a higher EPOC magnitude (4.6±1.8 L vs 6.2±2.8, respectively, P=0.03) and a greater total O2 consumption throughout the session (exercise+recovery: 11.5±2.5 L vs 17.5±4.2, respectively, P=0.01). These results suggest that a single bout of supramaximal exercise performed with high CHO availability increases both exercise and post-exercise energy expenditure.