Within the framework of variationist Sociolinguistics (Labov, 1972 [2008]), this master thesis analyzes variable number agreement within the nominal phrase (NP), in the Portuguese spoken in the city of São Paulo by Alagoanos (migrants from the northeastern state of Alagoas) and by Paulistanos (those born and raised in the city). The multivariate analysis focuses on two-word plural NPs, such as "as pessoa-s/ø" 'the persons'. The main goal is to verify what linguistic and social factors condition the variable in use, in a comparison between these two groups of speakers. The data was extracted from 24 sociolinguistic interviews with Alagoanos and 24 with Paulistanos. Both samples are stratified by the same social variables: sex/gender, age group and level of education. Results indicate that the frequency of CN-Ø (that is, lack of agreement) is approximately the same for both groups of speakers. In both, social factors are more significant than linguistic factors, since all of the social ones included in the analysis were selected as statistically significant. Women disfavor CN-Ø (a generally stigmatized form), although the agreement is more frequent among Alagoanas than among Paulistanas. There's no indication of change in progress: for both groups of speakers, the intermediate age group disfavors CN-Ø. As for level of education, it is more significant for Paulistanos than for Alagoanos. Among the linguistic factors, the class of the nuclear word, the morphology of plural, and the number of syllables of the NP left element were the ones selected as statistically significant This thesis shows that, from the perspective of number agreement within the NP, Alagoanos and Paulistanos are more similar than different. Therefore, they could be part of a same speech community (Labov 1972 [2008], Guy 1981) in the citysomething that should be discussed by further research, including other linguistic variables and groups of speakers.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature on germination and vigor of the seeds of different lettuce cultivars. It was used a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement 4x3, with four cultivars (American, Crespa para Verão, Mimosa Salad Bowl, and Crespa Repolhuda) and four temperatures (20, 25, 30 and 35°C), with four replicates per treatment. The effects of the treatments were evaluated by germination and vigor tests (first count, germination speed index). There was influence of the lettuce grow crops on germination and seed vigor. The cultivars of the lettuce have a higher germination and vigor when exposed to 20°C, and the Crespa for daylight showed itself more tolerant to temperatures of 25 to 30°C. The temperature of 30°C inhibits the germination of lettuce seeds of the Americana, Mimosa Salad bowl and Crespa Repolhuda cultivars
ResumenEl objetivo fue determinar la composición química de las dietas y su efecto en la ganancia de peso vivo, consumo y rechazo de alimento. El estudio se realizó mediante un diseño completamente azar con tres repeticiones y como factor principal tres dietas cuyos componentes fueron: dieta 1) 40% heno de alfalfa + 60% heno de sorgo, dieta 2) 40% nopal seco natural + 60 % heno de sorgo y dieta 3) 40% nopal seco enriquecido con proteínas + 60% heno de sorgo. Los resultados mostraron que la dieta de nopal enriquecido con proteínas y la dieta de nopal seco natural poseen una calidad nutritiva mayor, pero las condiciones de secado y/o almacenamiento tuvieron efecto en la calidad de los componentes de las dietas evaluadas. La ganancia de peso vivo fue mayor en cabras alimentadas con la dieta de nopal-E, pero el porcentaje de alimento rechazado (menor palatabilidad) fue mayor para esta dieta. La ganancia de peso vivo fue menor en alfalfa y nopal seco natural, respectivamente. La ganancia de peso y el tiempo de alimentación mostraron correlación positiva y significativa; sin embargo, se debe determinar el tiempo óptimo de alimentación y evaluar el costo-beneficio de las dietas utilizadas. AbstractThe objective was to determine the chemical composition of the diets and their effect on live weight gain, consumption and feed rejection. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications and as main factor three diets with following components: diet 1) 40% alfalfa hay + 60% sorghum hay, diet 2) 40% natural dry nopal + 60% showed that the diet of nopal enriched with proteins natural dry nopal have highest nutritive quality but the drying and/or storage conditions affect the quality of the components of the evaluated diets. The live weight gain was higher in goats fed with the diet of nopal enriched with protein but the percentage of forage rejected was higher in this diet. The live weight gain was lower in alfalfa and natural dry nopal, respectively. The libe weight gain and the time of forage consumption showed positive and significative correlation; however, it is neccesary to determine the optimal time of forage consumption and evaluate the cost-benefit of diets.Keywords: Feeding, animal nutrition, solid fermentation, ruminants. IntroducciónLa Región Lagunera localizada al norte de México que limita con el Desierto Chihuahuense, con clima cálido seco y precipitación inferior a los 300 mm anuales (García, 2004, 90) (SIAP, 2015). Esta disminución se produjo por la reducción de la precipitación, deforestación crítica y erosión en las áreas montañosas, que provocan la limitación del volumen de agua captado (Guzmán-Soria et al., 2006, 793) y la reducción sucesiva de la superficie cultivada, ya que en 1998 se cultivaban 175,341 ha, mientras que para 2014, esta superficie se redujo a 151,802 ha, existiendo ciclos en que no se realizó dotación de agua. Los cultivos principales en la región son los forrajeros, destacando la alfalfa (39,175 ha), ocupando en el año 2014 el 25.8% de la superficie sem...
RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar em campo a tensão de água do solo adequada para o reinício da irrigação do milho verde no semiárido. O experimento constou de seis valores de tensão matricial da água do solo (20 kPa, 40 kPa, 60 kPa, 80 kPa, 100 kPa e 120 kPa) testadas em uma cultivar de milho, o hibrido duplo AG 1051. O experimento foi instalado no período de inverno de 2013, nos meses de agosto a novembro, num delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados (DBC), com quatro repetições, conduzidos na fazenda experimental da Embrapa Milho e Sorgo em Nova Porteirinha, MG. Foram avaliadas as variáveis: produtividade de espigas sem palha (t ha-1), número de espigas totais e comerciais por hectare, comprimento de espigas com palha e sem palha e diâmetro de espigas comerciais. Dentre os resultados pode-se constatar que os maiores valores para as variáveis de morfologia e de produtividade foram obtidos quando a irrigação foi efetuada com tensão próxima de 50 kPa, tornando-a a tensão mais adequada para o uso racional da água no manejo da irrigação do milho verde.Palavras-chave: Zea mays L., déficit hídrico, manejo da irrigação, resistência elétrica. SOIL WATER TENSION FOR REWATERING GREEN CORN IN THE SEMIARID ABSTRACT _ The objective of this work was to determine the adequate water tension for rewatering green corn at field conditions in the semiarid. The experiment consisted of six values of matric soil water tension (20 kPa, 40 kPa, 60 kPa, 80 kPa, 100 kPa and 120 kPa) and one maize cultivar, the double hybrid AG1051. The experiment was installed in the 2013 winter season, from August to November, in a randomized blocks design (DBC), with four replicates, and conducted at the experimental farm belonging to Embrapa Maize and Sorghum in Nova Porteirinha, MG. Morphological parameters were evaluated such as plant height, leaf area index and dry mass, and also the yield parameters such as weight of spikes with straw and without straw (t ha-1), number of total and commercial spikes per hectare, diameter of commercial spikes and length of commercial spikes with and without straw. The highest values for the morphology and productivity variables were obtained when irrigation was carried out with a tension close to 50 kPa, which proved to be the most suitable tension for the rational use of water in the irrigation management of green corn.Keywords: Zea mays L., water deficit, irrigation management, electrical resistance.
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