BackgroundMammary tumors are among the most frequent neoplasms in female dogs, but the strategies employed in animal treatment are limited. In human medicine, hormone manipulation is used in cancer therapy. Tamoxifen citrate is a selective inhibitor of oestrogen receptors and exerts a potent anti-oestrogen effect on the mammary gland. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adverse effects when exposing healthy female dogs to tamoxifen.MethodsTamoxifen was administered for 120 days at a dose of 0.5 or 0.8 mg/kg/day to either intact or spayed female dogs. The effects were assessed through clinical examination, haematology, serum biochemistry, ophthalmology and bone marrow aspirate examination. Ovariohysterectomy was performed and the uterus examined by histopathology.ResultsVulva oedema and purulent vaginal discharge developed with 10 days of tamoxifen exposure in all groups. Pyometra was diagnosed after around 90 days of exposure in intact females with frequencies increasing during the following 30 days of exposure. Up to 50% of dogs within the groups developed retinitis but none of the dogs had signs of reduced visual acuity. The prevalence of retinitis in each group was similar after 120 days of exposure. Haematological, biochemical and bone marrow changes were not observed. Due to the high risk of developing pyometra after prolonged exposure to tamoxifen, only spayed animals should be given this medication.ConclusionsA dose of 0.8 mg tamoxifen/kg body weight/day is recommended when treating tamoxifen-responsive canine mammary tumors. Due to the high risk of developing pyometra, ovariohysterectomy is recommended.

These findings suggest that the TM-loaded chitosan film is safe and efficient and presents a promising future as an ocular drug delivery system in the treatment and prevention of glaucoma.

Ofloxacin was successively incorporated onto chitosan films and was not inactivated during the process of manufacturing, thus preserving antibacterial proprieties.

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RESUMOO presente relato descreve os achados clínicos e patológicos de uma heterotopia de pelos difusa associada com hiperplasia endometrial pseudo-placentacional em um útero de uma cadela. Macroscopicamente, o útero estava intensamente aumentado de volume e espesso, a superfície do endométrio estava irregular e recoberta com pelos pretos semelhantes aos pelos da cadela. Histologicamente, heterotopia de pelos associada com hiperplasia endometrial pseudoplacentacional foi observada.Palavras-chave: cão, pelo, heterotopia, útero ABSTRACTThe present report describes the clinical and pathological findings related to diffuse heterotopic hairs associated with pseudo-placentational endometrial hyperplasia in a canine uterus. Macroscopically, the uterus was intensely enlarged and thicker, and the endometrial surface was irregular and covered with black hairs similar to the hairs of the bitch. Histologically, heterotopic hairs associated with pseudoplacentational endometrial hyperplasia were observed.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar a viabilidade da utilização da via vaginal em fêmeas bovinas visando à aplicação de ocitocina a partir de formulações específicas. A ocitocina foi utilizada associada a facilitadores de absorção e na forma injetável (para comparação). Foram produzidas sete formulações, todas com concentração de 5 UI/mL de ocitocina. O delineamento experimental foi em quadrado latino 8x8 (oito dias, oito tratamentos e oito novilhas ciclando). As administrações de ocitocina foram pela via vaginal e a ocitocina injetável pela via endovenosa, contendo 10 UI cada. Amostras de sangue (n=7) foram coletadas de cada animal, no tempo 0, anterior à administração dos tratamentos, e de três em três minutos até 18 minutos. A ocitocina foi extraída do plasma utilizando coluna cromatográfica C-18 e dosada utilizando o kit comercial Oxytocin EIA. Os resultados obtidos foram avaliados por análise estatística não paramétrica utilizando o teste Kruskal Wallis para comparação das médias. A concentração de ocitocina diferiu entre o tempo 0 e o tempo 12 minutos (p<0,05) para a formulação ocitocina em glicerina. Concluiu-se que houve absorção através da via vaginal para essa formulação. Mais estudos serão necessários para seu emprego no manejo com as fêmeas bovinas de forma efetiva.