Parrots (Order Psittaciformes) are globally distributed birds that, together with members of the Columbiformes, represent the most susceptible animals, in regards to infection by Chlamydophila psittaci, which is an obligate, zoonotic, intracellular bacterium that causes chlamydiosis in domestic and wild birds and psittacosis in humans. The aim of the present study was to assess the occurrence of C. psittaci in Brazilian psittacids kept in conservation breeding sites in Pará State, Brazil. Cloacal and oropharynx swab samples were collected from 201 psittacids that were distributed among four breeding sites: Metropolitan Area of Belém (C1 and C2), Northeastern Pará (C3), and Low Amazon (C4). The samples were screened for C. psittaci using semi-nested PCR, and the resulting incidence data were analyzed using proportion and chi-square tests. Chlamydophila infection was confirmed for all the breeding sites, with an overall prevalence of 31.84%, and no species-specific predisposition was observed. Furthermore, 13.93% of the sampled birds eliminated the infectious agent by the cloaca, whereas 11.44% eliminated the agent by the oropharynx, and 6.47% eliminated the agent by both routes. Moreover, there was a significant difference between the incidence of Chlamydophila infection of breeding sites C2 and C3 (p=0.029), which yielded the smallest and largest number of diagnosed cases, respectively. In the present study, most of the birds (27.86%) were considered unapparent carriers of Chlamydophila infection, and only 3.98% of the birds yielded both a positive diagnosis and clinical signs of chlamydiosis.

Arboviruses are viruses that maintain their life cycle in the wild and are transmitted to vertebrate hosts by hematophagous diptera. They are zoonotic and can establish an enzootic cycle in the urban areas; in humans, the infection can manifest from being encephalitogenic to hemorrhagic. This study aimed to report the occurrence of arboviruses in mammals of the order Didelphimorphia and Rodentia, captured from the Amazon. Serum samples were subjected to hemagglutination inhibition test using a viral panel of 19 species of arboviruses that are known to occur in the Amazon. Altogether, 14 wild mammals, 12 of Philander opossum, 1 of Didelphis marsupialis, and 1 of Nectomys rattus were captured. Eight of these were reported to be seropositive for arboviruses (57.14%) with monotypic seroprevalence for the Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus (n=1), the Ilheus Virus (n=2), and the Catu virus (n=4); 4 heterotypic responses were observed for Flavivirus and Orthobunyavirus. In conclusion, several arbovirus species are in active circulation and maintenance, exhibiting enzootic characteristics in the wild mammals of the Amazon region; these animals prove to be potential hosts in the transmission of diseases to humans.

Tratamento de feridas excisionais de coelhos com extrato de barbatimão associado a células mononucleares autólogas da medula óssea RESUMOObjetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o processo de cicatrização de feridas de coelhos tratadas com extrato de barbatimão (S. adstringens) associado a células mononucleares autólogas da medula óssea (CMMO). Utilizaram-se 20 coelhos, distribuídos em quatro grupos: B, extrato de barbatimão; CB, CMMO com extrato de barbatimão; CS, CMMO com solução fisiológica; S, solução fisiológica. Foi avaliada a presença de crosta, hiperemia, secreção, hemorragia, reepitelização, área da ferida e tempo de cicatrização. No terceiro, sétimo, 14º e 21º dias pós-operatório, realizou-se a biópsia das feridas e avaliaram-se os indicadores dos processos de inflamação e de reparo, com destaque para o colágeno, na coloração picrosírius, bem como de proliferação celular, na coloração AgNOR. Houve maior deposição de fibras colágenas nos grupos B e CB (P=0,00003) e formação de crostas mais espessas no sétimo dia, com fibras colágenas mais organizadas no 21º dia. Conclui-se que o barbatimão estimula a produção de fibras colágenas e promove a formação de crostas mais espessas sobre a ferida na fase inicial da cicatrização e, na fase de remodelação, favorece a orientação das fibras colágenas. Além disso, a associação desse fitoterápico com CMMO não estimula a cicatrização de feridas.Palavras-chave: AgNOR, cicatrização, colágeno, Stryphnodendron adstringens, terapia celular ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the healing process of wounds of rabbits in response to treatment with barbatiman extract (S. adstringens) associated with autologous mononuclear bone marrow cells (BM-MNC). We used 20 rabbits, divided into four groups: B, 10% barbatiman extract with 9.48% of total tannins; CB, BM-MNC with barbatiman extract; CS, BM-MNC with

RESUMO Feridas cutâneas em bovinos são um constante desafio clínico cirúrgico por desencadearem perdas econômicas bastante significativas. O látex proveniente da seiva da seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis) apresenta potencial terapêutico para incrementar o processo de reparação tecidual. Portanto, pretendeu-se com esse estudo avaliar o tipo de reação tecidual e os possíveis mecanismos de angiogênese desencadeados pelo implante de uma membrana de látex natural em bovinos. Para tal, foram utilizados seis bovinos da raça Nelore, submetidos ao implante subcutâneo experimental de três fragmentos de membranas de látex natural. Foram coletadas amostras de tecido e da membrana aos 15, 30 e 45 dias após a implantação, para avaliações histológicas, ultraestruturais por microscopia eletrônica de varredura e imunoistoquímicas com anticorpos antimarcador de macrófagos (MAC), CYR 61 e VEGF. O implante de látex proporcionou aumento da angiogênese e reparação tecidual em bovinos, não mediada pela expressão do VEGF e CYR 61.

Among the main benefits of laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) compared to open adrenalectomy (OA) the rapid recovery of patients with decreased length of stay in hospital can be highlighted. The objective of this study was to compare the open adrenalectomy with laparoscopic adrenalectomy in swine. Thirty-two swine were operated. The animals had been divided into four groups (n = 8), one group was submitted to OA and the other to LA, together with its respective control group. Parameters were evaluated regarding operative time, body temperature, hematocrit, postoperative and intraoperative complications and time to deambulation. There was no meaningful difference between operative and deambulation times, even though the latter having been higher in the group submitted to OA. The most frequent intercurrences were in bowel, damage to adrenal vessels and renal hematoma. There were no significant blood losses, and observed hypothermia did not have any clinical impact. Laparoscopy in swine experimental adrenalectomy is a reliable technique that can serve as a reference for the surgical treatment of patients with adrenal diseases with surgical indications in other animal species. Keywords: adrenal glands; animal models; blood supply; laparoscopy. GAMA FILHO, J.B. et al. Cienc. anim. bras. v.16,n.2, p. 287-297 abr./jun. 2015 ResumoDentre os principais benefícios da adrenalectomia laparoscópica (AL) frente à adrenalectomia aberta (AA) destaca-se a rápida recuperação dos pacientes com diminuição do tempo de internação. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a adrenalectomia aberta com a adrenalectomia laparoscópica em suínos. Foram operados 32 suínos, distribuídos em quatro grupos (n=8), sendo um grupo submetido à AA e outro grupo à AL, com seus respectivos grupos controle. Foram avaliados parâmetros referentes a tempo operatório, temperatura corporal, hematócrito, intercorrências operatórias e tempo de deambulação. Não houve diferença significativa entre os tempos operatórios e de deambulação, apesar deste último ter sido maior no grupo submetido à AA. As intercorrências mais frequentes foram acidentes em alças intestinais, lesões em vasos adrenais e hematoma renal. As perdas sanguíneas não foram significativas, a hipotermia observada não apresentou repercussão clínica. A laparoscopia para adrenalectomia experimental em suínos é uma técnica confiável podendo servir como referência para o tratamento de doenças adrenais com indicações cirúrgicas em outras espécies animais. Palavras-chave: glândulas supra-renais; irrigação sanguínea; videocirurgia.Recebido em: 02 julho 2012. Aceito em: 23 janeiro 2015.

INTRODUCTION: Wasting marmoset syndrome affects the Callitrichidae family reared in captivity, characterized by progressive muscle-weakening and wasting conditions. It has been one of the main causes of death in primates of this genus. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the existence of histopathological and ultrastructural alterations in jejunal of marmosets that presented a clinical history of the progressive wasting disease in relation to healthy animals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Jejunal biopsies of seven marmosets were performed: five of them, two specimens of Callithrix jacchus and three Callithrix penicillata, were affected by clinical signs of progressive weight loss and muscle weakness; and two healthy animals, one of each cited species, were used as control animals. RESULTS: Marmosets with a clinical history of progressive weight loss presented jejunal villus atrophy with a flattened surface; also the goblet cells were scarce and barely functional compared to the control animals. CONCLUSION: These changes can cause malabsorption of nutrients and promote the progressive weight loss of callitrichids.

Digital dermatitis can impair the health and milk yield of dairy cattle. Treatment of digital dermatitis involves corrective trimming and footbaths. The results of these are not always satisfactory, with an added risk of persisting residues in the dairy products and environment. In this study, we evaluated the effect of Stryphnodendron adstringens (Martius) Coville extract (applied via footbath or directly over the lesions) and biotin supplementation on wound healing in 90 surgically-corrected digital dermatitisaffected dairy cows. All animals were female, crossbred (Holstein × Gir), affected with digital dermatitis to different degrees of severity. The lesions were evaluated over a 45-day post-surgical period, and the cows were divided to six treatment groups. The groups were divided based on application of the extract as a footbath solution with or without supplemental biotin, application by brushing with or without biotin, and cleaning with water with or without biotin. The evaluation was performed considering the rates and recovery times. Supplementation with biotin did not influence the rate or recovery time of the surgical wounds. Topical application of the bark extract (via footbath solution and brushing) was determined to be more beneficial than washing with water. Key words: Bovine, lameness, digital illness, phytotherapy, vitamin ResumoA dermatite digital compromete a saúde e produtividade dos bovinos. O controle da enfermidade pode ser feito com a apara corretiva do casco e passagem dos animais em pedilúvio. Os resultados nem sempre são satisfatórios e há o risco de ocorrerem resíduos na carne, leite e no ambiente. No presente estudo avaliou-se a reparação de feridas cirúrgicas de dermatite digital após aplicação tópica do extrato da casca de barbatimão, em pedilúvio ou por pincelamento, e suplementação com biotina, em 90 vacas de aptidão leiteira. Todos os animais eram fêmeas, mestiças (Gir x Holandesa) e apresentavam dermatite digital em graus variados. As feridas foram analisadas em vários momentos durante 45 dias. Os animais foram divididos em seis grupos de 15 de acordo com o protocolo. Avaliou-se a aplicação do barbatimão em pedilúvio com ou sem suplementação de biotina, barbatimão por pincelamento com ou sem biotina e limpeza com água sob pressão com ou sem biotina, considerando os índices e os tempos de recuperação. A suplementação com biotina não influenciou os índices nem o tempo de recuperação das feridas cirúrgicas de dermatite digital e o uso tópico do extrato da casca do barbatimão, independente da forma de aplicação, se mostrou benéfico em relação à aplicação de água.

The aim of this study was to characterize the tissue reactions triggered by the polypropylene mesh coated with chitosan and polyethylene glycol film, and if it’s able to prevent the formation of peritoneal adhesions. Defects in the abdominal wall of rats were induced and polypropylene meshes coated with chitosan/polyethylene glycol (CPEG group, n= 12) and uncoated (PP control group, n= 12) were implanted. On the fourth and forty-fifth postoperative day the formation of adhesion and the tissue reaction to the biomaterial was evaluated through histological and histochemical analysis. The area (P= 0.01) and severity (P= 0.002) of the adhesion was significatively less in the CPEG group. On the fourth day the foreign body reaction was less intense in CPEG group (P= 0.018) and the production of collagen fibers was more intense in this group (P= 0.041). The tissue reactions caused by the biomaterials were similar on the 45th day, with the exception of the high organization of collagen fibers in the CPEG group. The CPEG meshes did not fully prevent the formation of adhesions, but minimized the severity of the process. The foreign body reaction promoted by polypropylene meshes coated with CPEG is less intense than that triggered by uncoated polypropylene meshes.