CD and UC patients had higher DMFT and prevalence of periodontitis than controls, but smoking was an effect modifier.

This study showed a higher concentration of IL-18 in serum, but not in the gingival crevicular fluid, from periodontitis patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis compared with controls. The expression of cytokines was similar in the gingival crevicular fluid from patients with untreated chronic periodontitis who also had Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis and in systemically healthy controls with untreated chronic periodontitis.

Our study showed that even with similar clinical periodontal parameters, IBD patients harbor higher levels of bacteria that are related to opportunistic infections in inflamed subgingival sites that might be harmful for the crucial microbe-host interaction.

Predialysis and HD are associated with a higher prevalence of severe periodontitis compared with healthy individuals and CAPD patients.

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Aerobic training prevents oxidative profile and improves nitric oxide and vascular reactivity in rats with cardiometabolic alteration.

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