Short term clinical effect of active and inactive Salvadora persica miswak on dental plaque and gingivitis

Sofrata, Abier Hamed; Brito, Fernanda; Al-Otaibi, Meshari; Gustafsson, Anders

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.034

Cited by 45 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Earlier in vitro studies demonstrated a strong antibacterial effect, especially on Gram-negative bacteria associated with periodontal disease [20, 22]. However, our group failed to clinically show a chemical effect [36]. In order to clinically demonstrate a chemical effect, it is possible that a more frequent use of Miswak more than twice daily would have been required.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Previously, Gazi et al 1990 [11] reported significantly better results when Miswak was used five times a day than when it was used twice daily in subjects with a high standard of oral hygiene. It is also possible that it takes longer than the three weeks used in our previous studies [36] for a weak antibacterial effect to show a clinical effect. Earlier, many studies have shown a beneficial effect of Miswak compared to tooth brushing when the Miswak was used regularly [14, 37, 38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigations of a Possible Chemical Effect of Salvadora persica Chewing Sticks

Albabtain

Azeem

Wondimu

et al. 2017

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Salvadora persica is commonly used chewing sticks in many parts of the world as an oral hygiene tool. This study measured the amount of benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) released into the mouth and assessed its retention time in saliva. The study also tested if the released amount of BITC could potentially be antibacterial or cytotoxic. Twelve subjects brushed their teeth with fresh Miswak once, twice, and four times. The amount of BITC in the saliva and in the used brushes was quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The antibacterial effect of BITC and Miswak essential oil (MEO) was tested against Haemophilus influenzae, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. The cytotoxic effect on gingival fibroblasts and keratinocytes was tested using MTT. The highest amount of the active compounds was detected in saliva after using the Miswak tip for once and immediately. It significantly decreased when the Miswak tip was used more than once and thus after 10 min. The growth of the tested bacteria was inhibited by MEO and BITC in a dose dependent manner, P. gingivalis being the most sensitive. MTT assay showed that BITC and MEO were cytotoxic towards gingival fibroblasts while oral keratinocytes showed resistance. This study suggests that the Miswak tip should be cut before each use to ensure the maximum effect.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations of a Possible Chemical Effect of Salvadora persica Chewing Sticks

Albabtain

Azeem

Wondimu

et al. 2017

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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“…The WHO recommends and encourages the use of chewing sticks of miswak as an effective oral hygiene procedure in areas where its use is traditional WHO (1987). The plant shows several biological activities (antimicrobial, dental plaque and gingivitis, anti-inflammatory and analgesic) due to major bioactive compounds like alkaloids, tannins, saponins and sterols (Ahmad et al 2011; Akhtar et al 2011; Sofrata et al 2011a, b). In harsh saline and hot desert conditions, these plants support wild life and are integral part of ecosystem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salinity-induced modulation of growth and antioxidant activity in the callus cultures of miswak (Salvadora persica)

Sharma

Ramawat

2012

3 Biotech

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Miswak (Salvadora persica Linn.) is a medium-sized tree, desert facultative halophytic plant. Besides edible fruits and non-edible seed oil, the plant contains several bioactive compounds like alkaloids, tannins, saponins and sterols related to food and cosmetic industries. In the present study, physiological responses and antioxidant potential under salinity stress were investigated in callus cultures of S. persica to evaluate its use as a source of antioxidant. The callus cultures were grown on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l each of 2,4,5-T and BAP, which could be established successfully by regular subcultures of slow growing callus on this medium for several months. Increased dry weight, soluble proteins, proline, soluble carbohydrates and CAT activity were recorded under NaCl stress in comparison to control cultures. The DPPH and FRAP antioxidant activities were gradually elevated in NaCl-treated callus, whereas SOD quenching was recorded maximum at 200 mM. A significant correlation between antioxidant capacity and phenol content was observed, indicating that phenolic compounds are the major contributors to the antioxidant potential in S. persica. These findings suggest that increased salinity stress caused elevated antioxidant potentials and the plants grown in such conditions may serve as potential source of antioxidant.

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“…It reduces stains from tobacco products, coffee and teas. (Ayaz ) (see, too, Akhtar et al ; al‐Bagieh et al ; Al‐Otaibi et al ; Kaufman and Elvin‐Lewis ; Sofrata et al )…”

Section: Third Entry Point: Global Marketing and The Social Life Of Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Looking Islam in the Teeth: The Social Life of a Somali Toothbrush

et al. 2015

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The Arabic miswak (Somali, adayge) is a tooth-cleaning stick from the Salvadora persica plant. In this article, we trace the social life of a “thing,” examining meanings inscribed in the stick brush, drawing on interviews with 82 Somali refugees in Massachusetts and an analysis of local and transnational science and marketing. The miswak toothbrush symbolizes relationships to nature, homeland culture, global Islam, globalizing dental medicine, and the divine as it intersects with the lives of producers, marketers, distributors, and users, creating hybrid cultural forms in new contexts.

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Short term clinical effect of active and inactive Salvadora persica miswak on dental plaque and gingivitis

Cited by 45 publications

References 24 publications

Investigations of a Possible Chemical Effect of Salvadora persica Chewing Sticks

Investigations of a Possible Chemical Effect of Salvadora persica Chewing Sticks

Salinity-induced modulation of growth and antioxidant activity in the callus cultures of miswak (Salvadora persica)

Looking Islam in the Teeth: The Social Life of a Somali Toothbrush

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