The habit of cigarette smoking is associated with higher oral candidal carriage and possible predisposition to oral candidosis. The effects of exposure to smoke on the virulence properties of oral yeasts remain obscure. Hence, we showed in vitro the effect of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) on ten clinical isolates of Candida albicans obtained from nonsmoking volunteers, as well the type-strain CBS562. CSC was generated by complete burn of five commercial cigarettes in an in-house smoking machine and used to prepare the culture broth in which the strains were grown. In 24-h intervals (T(24), T(48), and T(72)), the cells were harvested, washed, subcultured, and the resultant growth were evaluated for possible variations for secreted aspartyl protease, phospholipase, chondroitinase, and hemolysins, adhesion to acrylic and cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH). The results indicated a temporal increase in the secretion rates of enzymes, particularly when yeast cells were exposed to CSC for 48-72 h (P < 0.05). Similarly, adhesion to acrylic and CSH increased with exposure period (P < 0.05). Based on foregoing, we concluded that CSC may promote significant enhance in the secretion of candidal histolytic enzymes and adherence to denture surfaces, thereby promoting oral yeast carriage and possible infection.

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Traumatic injuries with loss of anterior teeth occur more frequently in children. Treatment of the dental trauma is complex and requires a comprehensive and accurate diagnostic and treatment plan. It is also important to consider the biological, functional, esthetic, and economic aspects. The purpose of this article is to show a case report with a successful root formation and periodontal healing after autotransplantation of maxillary second right premolar in place of maxillary right central incisor site. Tooth autotransplantation may be considered as a viable treatment option instead of a conventional prosthetic and implant rehabilitation.

The results showed that saliva from caries-active patients tends to increase the mutans adhesion to surfaces, which is a point of concern for orthodontists.