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BackgroundLong-term care facilities (LTCFs) are often places where persons with complex health needs that cannot be met in a community setting, reside and are cared for until death. However, not all persons experience continuous declines in health and functioning. For some residents who experience improvement in personal abilities and increased independence, transition from the LTCF to the community may be an option. This scoping review aimed to synthetize the existing evidence regarding the transition process from discharge planning to intervention and evaluation of outcomes for residents transitioning from LTCFs to the community.MethodsThis review followed a five-stage scoping review framework to describe the current knowledge base related to transition from LTCFs to community based private dwellings as the location of the discharge (example: Person’s own home or shared private home with a family member, friend, or neighbour). Of the 4221 articles retrieved in the search of 6 databases, 36 articles met the criteria for inclusion in this review.ResultsThe majority of studies focussed on an older adult population (aged 65 years or greater), were conducted in the USA, and were limited to small geographic regions. There was a lack of consistency in terminology used to describe both the facilities as well as the transition process. Literature consisted of a broad array of study designs; sample sizes ranged from less than 10 to more than 500,000. Persons who were younger, married, female, received intense therapy, and who expressed a desire to transition to a community setting were more likely to transition out of a LTCF while those who exhibited cognitive impairment were less likely to transition out of a LTCF to the community.ConclusionsFindings highlight the heterogeneity and paucity of research examining transition of persons from LTCFs to the community. Overall, it remains unclear what best practices support the discharge planning and transition process and whether or not discharge from a LTCF to the community promotes the health, wellbeing, and quality of life of the persons. More research is needed in this area before we can start to confidently answer the research questions.

: The study analyzed the social representations of primary health care professionals on evaluative processes of groups that work with food and nutrition, and described the educational strategies used in this care. This was a qualitative study from 2012 to 2014 in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, in which 48 interviews were analyzed. In the analysis of the interviews, for classification of the educational strategies in learning categories and contents, Bogdan & Biklen and Zabala were used, respectively. The evaluative processes used the collective subject discourse technique, based on Jodelet's social representations. Three learning contents were found in the educational strategies and four social representations of the evaluative processes which combined to reveal the presence of a conflict by a practice directed by the work process to quantitative and individual evaluative criteria and a health-promoting practice that used inclusive approaches and participant evaluation. In this practice, the study implicitly identified the presence of autonomy in health. The study revealed the need to acknowledge and systematize group planning as an educational tool that qualifies and empowers comprehensive care.

RESUMO Há 40 anos, a Declaração de Alma-Ata reforçou a saúde como direito humano, apresentou a atenção primária à saúde (APS) como caminho para atingir um grau de saúde aceitável para todos e incorporou a questão alimentar e nutricional como parte integrante dos cuidados primários em saúde. O direito humano à alimentação adequada (DHAA) está intimamente relacionado com o direito à saúde, pois é requisito para a existência de condições de vida digna para promover a saúde. As particularidades históricas e a posição político- econômica da América Latina representam barreiras para a realização plena dos direitos humanos, e especialmente dos direitos sociais. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste artigo é explorar os modos pelos quais os serviços de APS podem alavancar o DHAA na América Latina. Adicionalmente, são apresentadas medidas que exemplificam como os países podem fortalecer o DHAA a partir da APS. Finalmente, o texto se propõe a resgatar o potencial emancipatório da APS na América Latina vislumbrando sua atuação na realização de direitos humanos para além do direito à saúde. O panorama apresentado demonstra a capacidade de resposta da APS no sentido de efetivar direitos humanos interdependentes da saúde no contexto latino-americano.

Abstract. Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a triad of disturbances affecting the areas of communication, social interaction and behavior. In educational contexts, without appropriate intervention methodologies, these limitations can be deeply disabling. Our research promotes the communicative competence of children with ASDs It extends the current state-of-the-art in the field, both in terms of usability for the educators and functionality for the endusers. We performed a long-term study, and results suggest that the proposed approach is effective in promoting the development of new interaction patterns.

This study analyzes how the COVID-19 pandemic affected sexual behavior and use of HIV prevention methods among young transgender women (YTGW) and young gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (YGBMSM) participating in an HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) demonstration study in Brazil. Online interviews with 39 participants aged 15–22 years old were conducted between September and November 2020 and analyzed based on social constructionism and human rights-based approaches to health. The pandemic disrupted interviewees’ routines, negatively affecting their life conditions. Among those who did not have a steady partner, social distance measures led to temporary interruption of sexual encounters and increased sexting and solo sex. Conversely, for those who had a steady relationship such measures contributed to increasing sexual practices and intimacy. Participants who had sexual encounters during the pandemic reported having continued to use PrEP. However, home confinement with family, lack of privacy, loss of daily routines and changes in housing impaired PrEP adherence and attendance at follow-up consultations. These results highlight the importance of maintaining HIV-service delivery for these groups during a public health crisis, as well as to address the structural drivers of the epidemic with comprehensive HIV prevention policies and by ensuring access of YGBMSM and YTGW to social protection policies.

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Botelho FC. Food and nutrition security in primary health care: an analysis through human rights