Nicotine, the active compound in cigarettes, can cause impaired glucose metabolism by increasing insulin resistance as well as decreasing insulin secretion in β cell pancreas. This condition can increase the risk of type 2 diabetes in human. This study aims to evaluate the effect of smoking behaviour, determined by Cigarette per Day (CPD) and smoking duration, on glychohemoglobine (HbA1c) levels of Javanese Indonesian smokers. 30 smokers were studied consisting of 7 smokers with <10 CPD, 19 smokers with 11-20 CPD and 4 smokers with 21-30 CPD. They had been smoking for more than 10 years. The whole blood sample was used to examine the HbA1c levels. The HbA1c levels were tested at Bethesda Hospital's clinic laboratories using Architect 600 instrument. The results showed that CPD and smoking duration significantly influenced HbA1c, in which F count was > F table (370.541> 3.354) with significance < 0.05 (2.35. 10-20 < 0.05) and multiple correlation coefficient (R) of 0.982. Therefore, based on this research finding, it was concluded that longer smoking duration and higher CPD caused higher smokers’ HbA1c level.
Objective: This study investigated the antihyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective effects of the hexane-ethanol fraction of methanol extract of Macaranga tanarius (HEM) in rats. Methods:The hexane-ethanol fraction was screened for toxicity by oral acute toxicity study. The antihyperlipidemic effect of the hexane-ethanol fraction and the unsolved of the hexane-ethanol fraction is measured against Wistar rats induced by glucose-fructose diets for 42 days through measuring serum cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and fasting blood glucose. The hepatoprotective effect of the hexane-ethanol fraction is determined against Wistar rats with liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride through measuring serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and total bilirubin. Results:There is no toxic effect that was observed on acute toxicity study. The TG, LDL-c, and fasting blood glucose levels were significantly (p<0.05) reduced after both of treatment the hexane-ethanol fraction and the unsolved HEM. Administration of the hexane-ethanol fraction 68.6 mg/kgBW significantly (p<0.05) prevented elevation of SGPT, SGOT, LDH, ALP, and decreasing of albumin level. Conclusion:The study showed antihyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective activities of the HEM in animal models.
AbstrakSindrom metabolik (SM) merupakan salah satu faktor risiko penyakit kardiovaskular (PKV). Gaya hidup tidak sehat cenderung meningkatkan kejadian SM dan PKV. Masyarakat pedesaan mempunyai akses sumber informasi tentang gaya hidup sehat yang relatif terbatas. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi hubungan antara pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan (PST) terkait gaya hidup sehat dengan risiko PKV di kalangan masyarakat pedesaan di D.I. Yogyakarta. Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel penelitian direkrut secara non-random purposive di dua dusun yaitu Tanjung dan Dlingseng, Desa Banjaroyo, Kecamatan Kalibawang, Kabupaten Kulonprogo, D.I. Yogyakarta. Kriteria inklusi responden yaitu penduduk dewasa sehat berusia 30-75 tahun. Kriteria eksklusi yaitu wanita hamil dan responden yang datanya tidak lengkap. Data dikumpulkan pada Bulan Mei-Juni 2018. Data pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan terkait gaya hidup sehat (PST) dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner. Data faktor risiko PKV yaitu indeks massa tubuh (IMT), lingkar pinggang (LP), tekanan darah (TD), kadar gula darah puasa (GDP), dan kolesterol total (Chol) diperoleh melalui pengukuran. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif korelatif dengan Spearman correlation. Sebanyak 124 data responden dianalisis. Sebanyak 56,5% responden mempunyai tingkat pengetahuan tinggi, 66,1% sikap positif, dan 67,7% melakukan tindakan hidup sehat. Sebanyak 55,6% IMT responden termasuk obes general; 65% ukuran LP wanita dan 25% LP pria termasuk obes sentral; median TD sistol di atas normal dan diastol normal; median GDP dan kolesterol normal. Hasil yang diharapkan adalah PST dan faktor risiko PKV berkorelasi negatif. Namun, hasil analisis menunjukkan beberapa faktor risiko PKV berkorelasi positif dengan PST. Hal ini kemungkinan disebabkan oleh faktor social desirability bias, the phenomenon of intention not translated into action, dan recall bias pada pengukuran pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan. AbstractMetabolic syndrome (MS) is one of risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Unhealthy lifestyle tends to elevate the risk of MS. People in rural area might not have adequate access to information on healthy lifestyle. Hence, this study aimed to explore association between knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) on healthy lifestyle and cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors among rural adults in Yogyakarta Province. This is an observational analytic study with cross sectional design. Samples were recruited purposively in two sub-villages, i.e.: Tanjung and Dlingseng in Banjaroyo, Kalibawang, Kulonprogo. Inclusion criteria were healthy adult people in between 30 to 75 years old. Those who were pregnant and those who did not complete the data were excluded. Data collection was conducted during May to June 2018. Data on KAP were gathered using a questionnaire. Data on CVD risk factors were collected through measurements of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and total choles...
Sindrom metabolik merupakan sekumpulan tanda yang dicirikan dengan kondisi dislipidemia, peningkatan tekanan darah dankadar glukosa darah puasa serta kegemukan daerah perut. Sindrom metabolik telah menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan di negaraberkembang. Penelitian menunjukan ada peningkatan prevalensi sehubungan sindrom metabolik, tetapi sebagian besar kajian dilakukandi daerah perkotaan.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui prevalensi sehubungan sindrom metabolik, di populasi dewasa yangberusia di atas 40 tahun di daerah pedesaan di Yogyakarta dengan cara menilainya. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan potonglintang yang dilaksanakan antara bulan Mei−Juni 2015 di Cangkringan Yogyakarta. Pengambilan data meliputi sosiodemografi melalui:wawancara, pengukuran antropometrik dan tekanan darah, serta kadar glukosa darah serta profil lipid. Responden penelitian terdiridari 50 laki-laki dan 50 perempuan dewasa usia ≥40 tahun. Batasan sindrom metabolik, menggunakan patokan International DiabetesFederation (IDF). Prevalensi sindrom metabolik berdasarkan patokan IDF di daerah pedesaan di Cangkringan Yogyakarta sebesar 25%.Sindrom metabolik, lebih banyak ditemukan di perempuan (32%) daripada laki-laki (18%). Komponen terbanyak dari sindrom metabolikadalah peningkatan tekanan darah di semua responden penelitian, kemudian diikuti dengan komponen kegemukan perut dan kadarHDL yang rendah di perempuan, sedangkan di laki-laki diikuti dengan hipertrigliseridemia. Prevalensi sindrom metabolik cukup tinggidi daerah pedesaan Yogyakarta khususnya bagi perempuan. Pencegahan terhadap sindrom metabolik menjadi keutamaan kesehatanmasyarakat dalam menurunkan penyakit kardiovaskular di daerah pedesaan di Yogyakarta.
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