Association Between Smoking Behaviour and Glycohemoglobine Levels Among Adult Javanese Indonesian Smokers

Patramurti, Christine; Fenty, Fenty

doi:10.24071/jpsc.002408

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…According to the characteristic data shown in Table 1, related to the average number of cigarettes per day (13.5±4.4 sticks) and smoking duration (23.2±4.8 years) of the respondents, all of the respondents are associated as addictive smokers affecting the increase in LDL-C levels. So, it is in line with another study that the chronic effect of smoking behavior would arise when individuals consume more than 20 cigarettes per day and 25 years minimum smoking duration (Patramurti and Fenty, 2020).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

CYP2A6*4 allele gene high frequency associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) among Javanese Indonesian smokers

Prasojo

Patramurti

2021

Pharmaciana

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The CYP2A6 gene, which codes the CYP2A6 enzyme, has known to have ahigh polymorphism. This polymorphism could decrease, increase, or eliminate the CYP2A6 enzyme activity. CYP2A6*4, an inactive allele, decreased the CYP2A6 enzyme activity. One of the CYP2A6 enzyme-specific substrates is nicotine. This inactive allele could decrease nicotine metabolism that causes high nicotine levels in the blood. In addition, it caused the increasing levels of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) by expanding the lipolysis process. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of the CYP2A6*4 allele gene on LDL-C levels. Respondents in this study were 31 male Javanese smokers. This research is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods use to identification the CYP2A6*4 allele gene. This study shows that a highfrequency CYP2A6*4 alleles gene among the subject was detected, with an allele frequency is 93.55%. Furthermore, this CYP2A6*4 allele gene did not impact LDL-C levels, with the Odd Ratio value was 1.636 (P-Value = 0.737). In conclusion, the CYP2A6*4 allele gene does not significantly affect the LDL-C levels in Javanese Indonesian smokers.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

CYP2A6*4 allele gene high frequency associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) among Javanese Indonesian smokers

Prasojo

Patramurti

2021

Pharmaciana

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“…Furthermore, we indicated that the prediabetes condition would arise at a minimum CPD of 20 cigarettes and a minimum smoking duration of 25 years. While, the diabetes condition will appear at a minimum CPD of 20 cigarettes with a minimum smoking duration of 29 years (Patramurti and Fenty, 2020). Based on the data presented in Table 1 above, it saw that 91.3% (17.4% smoked < 10 and 93.9% smoked 11-20) of participants have only smoked less than 20 cigarettes per day.…”

Section: Results and Discusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the previous study, we revealed that smoking behavior could affect glycohemoglobin levels (HbA1c) (Patramurti and Fenty, 2020). There has been demonstrating that the number of cigarettes smoked, and the length of smoking activity will increase the HbA1c level that leading to a high risk for suffering T2DM.…”

Section: Results and Discusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of cytochrome P4504 (CYP2A64) allele gene among Javanese Indonesian T2DM patients

Patramurti

Virginia

2021

Pharmaciana

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Smoking had been increasing the risk factor of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), both active and passive smokers, which is caused by nicotine contained in cigarettes. Nicotine has metabolized by cytochrome p450 2a6 (CYP2A6) enzyme coded by the CYP2A6 gene. This gene was a high polymorphism that is the CYP2A6*4 allele gene was inactive. Thus, our objective was to describe the CYP2A6*4 allele gene among active and passive Javanese smokers with T2DM. From this crosssectional study, we identified this allele gene among 46 of the adults with T2DM, which were consist of 23 active smokers and 23 passive smokers. The CYP2A6*4 allele gene identification has done using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. The CYP2A6*4 allele frequency was analyzed to describe the distribution of this allele among the participants. This study supports the hypothesis that smoking, including cigarette smoke, was an environmentally modifiable risk factor for developing T2DM. Based on our result, the allele frequency among the participants was 42.39%. A high frequency of the CYP2A4 allele gene among the participants was indicating that the CYP2A4 allele gene was also the other risk factor in developing T2DM.

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“…We have also reported that smoking can increase diabetes risk factors. Prediabetes was developing in smokers who had smoked for at least 25 years with 25 cigarettes per day 16 . Furthermore, in our recent study on diabetic patients, both smokers and non-smokers, high-frequency CYP2A6*4, the inactive allele gene of CYP2A6, was detected 17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic CYP2A6 Polymorphism May Worsen Glycohemoglobin Levels: Study among Javanese Indonesian Smokers

Patramurti,

Virginia

2024

Borneo J Pharm

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We have examined the inactive CYP2A6 alleles gene, including CYP2A6*4, CYP2A6*7, and CYP2A6*9, associated with glycohemoglobin levels among Javanese Indonesian smokers. There are 106 smokers participating in this study. Due to the number of cigarettes smoked per day, there are three groups of smokers: light, intermediate, and heavy smokers, with 98.7% being light and intermediated smokers while the rest are heavy smokers. All participants had smoked for more than 10 years, indicating they had been exposed to nicotine for a long time. Based on their genotype, there were four groups of smokers, including fast, intermediate, slow, and poor metabolizers. Most fast and intermediate metabolizers have HbA1c levels in the normal range (<5.7). On the other hand, most slow metabolizers have Hb1c levels >5.7, and all fast metabolizers have HbA1c levels >5,7, indicating that they the prediabetes and diabetes. The chi-square test showed a relationship between CYP2A6 polymorphism and HbA1c levels among the participants (P-value 0.000 <0.005 and χ2=54.6, df=1). The presence of an inactive allele will worsen the HbA1c levels in smokers.

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Association Between Smoking Behaviour and Glycohemoglobine Levels Among Adult Javanese Indonesian Smokers

Cited by 5 publications

References 39 publications

CYP2A6*4 allele gene high frequency associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) among Javanese Indonesian smokers

CYP2A6*4 allele gene high frequency associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) among Javanese Indonesian smokers

Distribution of cytochrome P4504 (CYP2A64) allele gene among Javanese Indonesian T2DM patients

Genetic CYP2A6 Polymorphism May Worsen Glycohemoglobin Levels: Study among Javanese Indonesian Smokers

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Association Between Smoking Behaviour and Glycohemoglobine Levels Among Adult Javanese Indonesian Smokers

Cited by 5 publications

References 39 publications

CYP2A6*4 allele gene high frequency associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) among Javanese Indonesian smokers

CYP2A6*4 allele gene high frequency associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) among Javanese Indonesian smokers

Distribution of cytochrome P450*4 (CYP2A6*4) allele gene among Javanese Indonesian T2DM patients

Genetic CYP2A6 Polymorphism May Worsen Glycohemoglobin Levels: Study among Javanese Indonesian Smokers

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Distribution of cytochrome P4504 (CYP2A64) allele gene among Javanese Indonesian T2DM patients