Background: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a common health problem. Pilates is a unique exercise therapy. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy of Pilates on pain, functional disorders, and quality of life in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang Data, CBM, EBSCO, and Embase were searched. Randomized controlled trials of Pilates in the treatment of CLBP were collected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 and Stata 12.2. Results: 19 randomized controlled trials with a total of 1108 patients were included. Compared with the controls, the results showed the following values: Pain Scale [standard mean difference; SMD = −1.31, 95%CI (−1.80, −0.83), p < 0.00001], Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) [mean difference; MD = −4.35, 95%CI (−5.77, −2.94), p < 0.00001], Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) [MD = −2.26, 95%CI (-4.45, −0.08), p = 0.04], 36-item Short-Form (SF-36) (Physical Function (PF) [MD = 5.09, 95%CI (0.20, 9.99), p = 0.04], Role Physical (RP) [MD = 5.02, 95%CI (−1.03, 11.06), p = 0.10], Bodily Pain (BP) [MD = 8.79, 95%CI (−1.57, 19.16), p = 0.10], General Health (GH) [MD = 8.45, 95%CI (−5.61, 22.51), p = 0.24], Vitality (VT) [MD = 8.20, 95%CI(−2.30, 18.71), p = 0.13], Social Functioning (SF) [MD = −1.11, 95%CI (−7.70, 5.48), p = 0.74], Role Emotional (RE) [MD = 0.86, 95%CI (−5.53, 7.25), p = 0.79], Mental Health (MH) [MD = 11.04, 95%CI (−12.51, 34.59), p = 0.36]), Quebec Back in Disability Scale (QBPDS) [MD = −5.51, 95%CI (−23.84, 12.81), p = 0.56], and the sit-and-reach test [MD = 1.81, 95%CI (−0.25, 3.88), p = 0.09]. Conclusions: This meta-analysis reveals that Pilates may have positive efficacy for pain relief and the improvement of functional disorders in CLBP patients, but the improvement in quality of life seems to be less obvious. Registration: PROSPERO CRD42022348173.

ABSTRACT. We investigated the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel [mito-K (ATP)] in exercise preconditioning of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Eighty SD rats were randomly divided into high-, moderate-, low-intensity, and control groups. The exercise groups were divided into control and inhibited groups. The control group was divided into model and sham groups. Eight rats were randomly selected from each group for analysis. At 40 and 50 min after ischemia-reperfusion, respectively, J point and T-wave values and QT intervals were significantly higher in the control model group than in the control sham group; ECG parameters were significantly lower in the exercise group than in the control group; ECG parameters were lower in the 5-HDinhibited group than in the corresponding exercise model group. The trends of serum enzymes (serum muscle kinase isoenzyme, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase) were consistent with ECG parameter changes at 40 and 50 min after ischemia and reperfusion, respectively. Compared with the sham group, the control model group showed significantly decreased left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and maximum rate of left ventricular pressure development (dP/dtmax) and significantly increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP). LVSP and dP/dtmax were significantly higher and LVEDP was significantly lower in the control group than in the exercise model group. LVSP and dP/dtmax were significantly lower and LVEDP was significantly higher in the inhibited group than in the corresponding exercise group. Long-term exercise can produce a preconditioning effect that exerts an ischemia-reperfusion cardioprotective effect. Mito-K (ATP) mediates the cardioprotective effects of exercise preconditioning.

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Background: The proportion of women is higher than men in depression. This is mainly due to women's physiological regulation is different from men, especially in puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, menopause, among others. Therefore, treating depressive women is still a health challenge. Besides, recent studies of exercise therapy have a more outstanding performance in treating depression, especially in contrast to drug therapy and psychotherapy. Its main advantages are convenience, quickness, no side effects, real-time, and long-term effectiveness. Objective: The aim of this study was to systematically review the clinical efficacy of exercise on women with depressive symptoms. Methods: Searching PubMed, The Cochrane Library, and Embase databases to collect randomized controlled trials about exercise in the treatment of depressive women. After literature screening, data extraction, and literature quality evaluation, the meta-analysis of acquirement data was performed with RevMan5.3 software. Results: A total of 2294 patients were included in 25 different articles totally. Meta-analysis shows that compared with the control group, exercise could relieve female depression (standard mean difference [95% confidence interval, CI] = −0.64 [−0.89 to −0.39], Z = 4.99, P < .001). Subgroup analysis shows that different types of exercise have significant effects in improving depression symptoms. Exercise therapy has better effect on depressive patients induced by physiology or disease than ordinary depressive patients. Conclusion: Exercise can significantly improve depressive symptoms in women.

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Objective To explore the effects and the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of food composition and aerobic exercise on the body weight regulation among sub-adult and adult mice, with a view to the reference of exercise and diet in adolescents and adults. Methods There are 72 sub-adult mice and 39 adult mice which were selected by the treadmill exercise pre-screening. They were engaged for a period of time to domesticate in accordance with the different exercise intensity, time and food compositions. During the domestication, the body weight and food intake were measured several times, and the digestibility was calculated. The mice were dissected after domestication, and the fresh weight of adipose tissue and internal organs were measured, which including the weight and length of digestive organs. Serum glucose, triglyceride, urea nitrogen and creatinine were measured by colorimetric method. The contents of creatine kinase(CK) and muscle glycogen(MG) and glucose transporter 4(GLUT-4) in serum were determined by ELISA, and the digestive enzyme activity was detected by colorimetric method. Results 1.Sub-adult mice: food composition has no significant effect on many indicators, including body weight, major fat weight, the length, fresh weight and content weight of stomach, the fresh weight of heart, spleen and lung, the level of blood glucose, triglyceride and CK (P>0.05). But the food composition has a significant effect on the following indicators: the food intake, digestibility, the length, fresh weight and content weight of small intestine, cecum and colon, fresh weight of liver and kidney, the level of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, the level of MG and GLUT-4 in muscle, the enzyme activity of intestinal brush border membrane sucrose, maltase and aminopeptidase-N (P<0.05). Aerobic exercise has no significant effect on the following indicators: the length and content weight of stomach, small intestine and colon, the weight and content weight of cecum, fresh weight of heart, spleen, lung and kidney, the level of serum triglyceride, urea nitrogen and CK, the level of GLUT-4 in muscle, the enzyme activity of intesyinal brush border membrane sucrose and aminopeptidase-N (P>0.05). But aerobic exercise has a significant effect on the following indicators: body weight, major fat weight, the food intake, digestibility, the fresh weight of stomach, small intestine and colon, the length of cecum, the fresh weight of liver, the level of blood glucose and creatinine, the level of MG in muscle, and the enzyme activity of intestinal brush border membrane maltase (P<0.05). 2.Adult exercise mice: food composition has no significant effect on the following indicators: the body weight, major fat weight, the length, fresh weight and content weight of stomach, small intestine and colon, fresh weight of heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney, the level of blood glucose and triglyceride, and the enzyme activity of anterior intestinal brush border membrane sucrose, maltase and aminopeptidase-N (P>0.05). But the food composition has a significant effect on the following indicators: the food intake, digestibility, the fresh weight and content weight of cecum, the level of glood urea nitrogen and creatinine, and the enzyme activity of middle intestinal brush border membrane sucrose, maltase and aminopeptidase-N (P<0.05). The body weight changes with time significantly, but the magnitude of the change before and after exercise is less than 5%. 3.Sub-adult exercise mice vs adult exercise mice: with the increase of exercise time, the weight gain of sub-adult exercise mice was decreased significantly (P<0.001), and the weight of adult exercise mice was also decreased significantly (P<0.001). Compared with adult exercise mice, the perirenal fat ratio, mesenteric fat ratio and the gonadal fat ratio in sub-adult exercise mice were lower than that of adult exercise mice(P<0.001), but the lean body weight ratio in sub-adult exercise mice was higher than that of adult exercise mice (P<0.001). The food intakes of sub-adult and adult exercise mice were significantly increased with time (P<0.001), the effects of food composition on the digestibility of sub-adult and adult exercise mice were associated with decreased movement with the increase of protein content in food. The length, fresh weight and content weight of stomach and colon were significantly lower in adult adult mice than in sub-adult mice (P<0.05). The fresh weight of heart, liver and kidney of sub-adult mice was significantly lower than that of adult mice (P<0.05). But fresh weight of the spleen was significantly higher in sub-adult mice than in adult mice (P<0.05). The levels of glucose, triglyceride and creatinine in sub-adult mice were significantly higher than those in adult mice (P<0.05). It was significantly lower in sub-adult mice than in adult mice that the enzyme activity of anterior intestinal brush border membrane sucrose and maltase and posterior intestinal brush border membrane aminopeptidase-N (P<0.05). However, the enzyme activity of middle intestinal brush border membrane sucrose of sub-adult mice was significantly higher than that in adult mice (P<0.05). Conclusions 1.It was not affected for body weight and fresh weight of major fat in change of food composition in a certain range, aerobic exercise could control the excessive growth of body weight and weight of major fat of sub-adult exercise mice, but the body weight of adult exercise mice had no significant effects on regulation by food composition. 2.The food intake of sub-adult and adult exercise mice and the digestibility of sub-adult exercise mice were significantly changed with time. Influence of food composition on digestibility of sub-adult and adult exercise mice with exercise time showed that it decreased with the increase of protein content in food. Food intake of sub-adult and adult exercise mice increased with aerobic exercise in a certain range. 3.The changes of food intake and digestibility mainly rely on the regulation of the morphology and function of digestive organs. he changes of blood  indicators showed that food composition and aerobic exercise had contribution on sub-adult and adult exercise mice to maintain good health, part of which has offset the metabolic changes caused by the high protein foods that was aerobic exercise, and high protein foods produced certain metabolic burden on the liver and kidney, but aerobic exercise can improve the metabolism of liver and kidney. 4.Aerobic exercise can increase the reserve of MG in muscle of sub-adult mice, the storage and transport of MG in muscle can be improved with the increase of starch content in food. In this study, aerobic exercise intensity did not cause muscle fatigue or injury. 5.The activity of the enzyme increased with the increase of the content of starch in food, which was not affected by aerobic exercise. Aminopeptidase-N activity was effected by aerobic exercise, which decreased in non-exercise state with dropping down protein content in food, but which did not show the same trend in the exercise state. It might be more regulated by the increase in protein demand under the exercise state.

Background: Exercise preconditioning (EP) has a similar effect on ischemic preconditioning. Yet the specific endogenous trigger substance, intermediary substance and effect substance involved in EP have yet to be fully defined.Methods: 32 SD rats were divided into four groups: group A (control sham operation group); group B (control ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model group); group C (train and I/R model group); and group D (train, inhibitor, and I/R model group). Rat model of acute endurance exercise was established. Then, in vivo I/R experiment and index test of the serum myocardial enzymes, the heart functions, Kir6.1 and Kir6.2 gene expressions and NOS and PKC protein expressions were carried out.Results: Compared with the A group, the heart function of the B group decreased significantly, and the serum myocardial enzymes increased significantly. Compared with the B group, the C group had less heart function decline and less myocardial injury. Injection L-NAME attenuated the cardioprotection induced by exercise preconditioning. B group's PKC protein expression was higher than the A group's; the C group's PKC protein expression was significantly higher than the B group's, and the D group's PKC protein expression was significantly lower than the C group's. In addition, the B group's Kir6.1 and Kir6.2 gene expressions were higher than the A group's; the C group's Kir6.1 and Kir6.2 gene expressions were significantly higher than the B group's, and the D group's Kir6.1 and Kir6.2 gene expressions were significantly lower than the C group's.Conclusions: Moderate intensity endurance exercise can induce a cardioprotective effect on I/R myocardium. Exercise preconditioning induces myocardial protective function via the NO-PKC-KATP signaling pathway.