Microbiota have recently been shown to be associated with many disease conditions. However, the microbiota associated with tuberculosis (TB) infection, recurrence and treatment outcome have not been systematically characterized. Here, we used high throughput 16S RNA sequencing to analyze the sputum microbiota associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and also to identify the microorganisms associated with different outcomes of TB treatment. We recruited 25 new TB patients, 30 recurrent TB patients and 20 TB patients with treatment failure, as well as 20 healthy controls. Streptococcus, Gramulicatella and Pseudomonas were more abundant in TB patients while Prevotella, Leptotrichia, Treponema, Catonella and Coprococcus were less abundant in TB patients than in the healthy controls. We found reduced frequency and abundance of some genera such as Bulleidia and Atopobium in recurrent TB patients compared with those in new TB patients. In addition, the ratio of Pseudomonas / Mycobacterium in recurrent TB was higher than that in new TB while the ratio of Treponema / Mycobacterium in recurrent TB was lower than that in new TB, indicating that disruption of these bacteria may be a risk factor of TB recurrence. Furthermore, Pseudomonas was more abundant and more frequently present in treatment failure patients than in cured new patients, and the ratio of Pseudomonas / Mycobacterium in treatment failure was higher than that in new TB. Our data suggest that the presence of certain bacteria and the disorder of lung microbiota may be associated with not only onset of TB but also its recurrence and treatment failure. These findings indicate that lung microbiota may play a role in pathogenesis and treatment outcome of TB and may need to be taken into consideration for improved treatment and control of TB in the future.

The electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical properties of ZnO thin films prepared by reactive pulsed laser deposition in oxygen ambient have been investigated. The as-deposited and lithiated ZnO thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The discharge and charge measurement indicates that the reversible capacities of the as-deposited ZnO thin-film electrodes are more than one Li per Zn atom with an initial capacity of less than 2.75 Li per Zn atom, and more than 0.75 Li per Zn atom could not be explained by the alloying process of ZnO reaction with Li. The evolution of the in situ absorbance spectra exhibits a marked boundary of lithiating 2Li per Zn atom and provides a hint about two different lithiation reactions occurring during charging of the ZnO/Li cell. A new reaction mechanism of lithium with ZnO involving both the classical alloying process and the oxidation/reduction of nanosized metal is proposed.

Highly twisted electron donor (D)–electron acceptor (A)-type thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters can achieve high efficiency while suffering from serious structural relaxations and broad emissions. Multiple resonance (MR)-type TADF emitters can realize narrow emission. However, until now, only a few efficient MR-emitting cores are reported and custom tunning of their emission color remains a major challenge in their wider applications. In this work, by combining the conventional TADF and MR-TADF designs, we demonstrate that color tuning and narrowing the spectral width of conventional TADF emission can be easily achieved simultaneously. We select a prototypical carbonyl (CO)/N-based MR core as a backbone and attach it with D segments of different electron-donating abilities and numbers to obtain three different TADF emitters with emissions from sky blue to green and orange-red while maintaining the narrow emission of the original MR core. The corresponding sky blue, green, and orange-red organic light-emitting diodes achieve maximum external quantum efficiencies of 20.3, 27.3, and 26.3%, respectively, and narrow full widths at half-maximum all below 0.28 eV. These results provide a new molecular design strategy for developing narrowband TADF emitters with easily tunable emissions covering the full visible range.

Multiple resonance (MR) type thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) material is currently a research hotspot in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) due to their high color purity and high exciton utilization. However, there are only a handful of MR‐TADF emitters with emissions beyond the blue‐to‐green region. The very limited emission colors for MR‐TADF emitters are mainly caused by the fact that so far molecular modifications of MR‐TADF do not offer much change in the emission colors. Here, we report a new approach to modifying a prototypical MR core of DABNA by fusing carbazoles to the MR framework. The carbazole‐fused molecule (TCZ‐F‐DABNA) basically maintains the MR‐dominated features of DABNA while red‐shifting the emission. Its OLED achieves an external quantum efficiency of 39.2 % with a peak at 588 nm, which is a record‐high efficiency for OLEDs with peaks beyond 560 nm. This work provides a new approach for significantly tunning emission colors of MR‐TADF emitters.

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diodes (OLEDs) since they permit full exciton utilization with pure organic chemical structures. [1] The most widely used molecular strategy for TADF emitters is to employ highly twisted donoracceptor (D-A) structures in order to separate the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs). [2] While such molecules can facilely be developed by combining various donors and acceptors, enabling extremely small singlet-triplet energy splitting (∆E ST ) and efficient reverse intersystem crossing (RISC), they have an obvious side effect on fluorescence radiation. Particularly when the singlet non-radiative decay process is significant, low efficiencies would be realized even the RISC process is effective. [3] Another common weakness of D-A typed emitters is their poor color purities. This is because their geometries undergo large molecular relaxations during intersegmental charge-transfer (ICT) processes. [4] Efforts of developing red TADF emitters clearly demonstrate the influences of both the adverse factors. According to the bandgap law, singlet non-radiative decay rates (k IC ) would be magnified in the red emission region and even surpass the corresponding fluorescence radiation rates (k r ). [5] Thus, highly twisted D-A structured red emitters may lead to TADF but often show unsatisfactory efficiencies. On the other hand, it is very common for D-A typed molecules that their emission maxima are over 600 nm, while their broad emission spectra still cover evident green and even blue regions. [6] This would eventually give rise to low x coordinates of Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE), which are far from meeting the demands of display technologies.The recently proposed strategy of using multiple resonance (MR) typed frameworks for TADF molecular design is believed to be an ideal alternative approach to address the above issues. [7] Unlike conventional D-A typed TADF emitters that propose ICT transitions, MR-TADF emitters precisely exploit the opposite resonance effects of electron-withdrawing and electron-donating atoms/groups mainly in the same rigid π-conjugated frameworks to achieve HOMO-LUMO separations Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters induced by the multiple resonance (MR) effect have garnered considerable attention. However, it is difficult to develop MR-TADF emitters that maintain high color purities in the red region. In this work, the importance of excited state alignments of MR-based donor-acceptor (D-A) molecules in determining their preferring characteristics is clarified. By using the newly designed molecule mBDPA-TOAT whose apparent excited states show hybridization of MR and intersegmental charge-transfer features as an emitter in an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), a high external quantum efficiency of 17.3% is achieved with a full width at half-maximum of 45 nm (154 meV) and Commission Internationale de L'Éclairage coordinate of (0.61, 0.39). This work demonstrates when introducing D-A typed structures, features...

ERSpublications Early availability of reliable PZA drug-susceptible testing is a prerequisite for successful MDR-TB treatment. The optimised regimen achieved a treatment success rate of 82.4% and shortened the course to 12 months for PZA-susceptible patients http://ow.ly/ObdI30n3GF7

Amorphous Ta 2 O 5 film has been fabricated by reactive pulsed laser deposition and used for the first time as an anode material for the lithium ion rechargeable batteries. This thin film of anode material exhibits a reversible capacity of 400 mAh/g and a low initial irreversible capacity of ϳ100 mAh/g. Spectroelectrochemical measurements coupled with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and electron diffraction have been employed to characterize the as-deposited tantalum oxide film electrode and its lithiated electrode. According to results of the XPS and measured high reversible capacity corresponding to more than 6 Li per Ta 2 O 5 , the reversible reaction of an amorphous tantalum oxide film with lithium different from the lithium ion insertion/extraction process for Li ion anodes is proposed.Many efforts have been devoted to the search for new anode materials for lithium batteries instead of carbonaceous and graphite electrode, because these electrodes during charging of the Li-ion battery may produce metallic lithium and then give rise to safety problem. 1 Amorphous tin-based composite oxide ͑TCO͒ as an anode material showed some promise due to good stability and a high reversible capacity of 600 mAh/g. However, a large initial irreversible capacity of ϳ380 mAh/g related to the irreversible reaction of lithium with tin oxide are inherent drawback. 2-4 Transition metal oxides such as iron-based oxides, 5 Nb 2 O 5 , 6 and CoO, NiO, CuO, FeO 7 have also been proposed as an anode electrode and have received considerable attention. In the meantime, the lithiation mechanism of these electrodes has been studied in order to understand the electrochemical properties. Recently, Tarascon et al. reported a new reaction mechanism for the transition metal oxides ͑MO, M ϭ Co, Ni, Fe, Cu͒ reacted with lithium involving the reversible formation and decomposition of Li 2 O, accompanying the reduction and oxidation of metal nanoparticles. 7 Thin-film electrodes with promising electrochemical performance have been widely studied for developing all-solid-state thinfilm lithium-ion batteries. 8 Pulsed laser deposition ͑PLD͒ has been employed to fabricate LiMn 2 O 4 , LiCoO 2 , Nb 2 O 5 , V 2 O 5 , and TCO thin-film electrodes with high-quality electrochemical properties. 3,[9][10][11] By using this technique, we have fabricated Ta 2 O 5 thin-film electrodes and investigated their electrochromics and lithium-ion transport in thin-film electrodes. 12,13 However, there is no available information on the characterization of tantalum oxides as electrodes for the application in all-solid-state thin-film lithiumion batteries. In this paper, considering inherent features such as the safety, low cost, and low toxicity of tantalum oxide, an attempt is made to characterize the Ta 2 O 5 film as an anode material fabricated by PLD, and the specific capacity, rate capability, and long-term cycleability of this film anode are presen...